Term
| Three Parts of Respiratory System |
|
Definition
| Ventilation, Conduction, Gas Exchange |
|
|
Term
| Skeletal Muscles involved in Ventilation |
|
Definition
| Diaphragm, Intercostal Muscles, Abdominal Muscles |
|
|
Term
| What part of the body is involved in conduction? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory airways/tubes (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles) |
|
|
Term
| Where does gas exchange take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emryological origin of respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| Endodermal diverticulum of the foregut (an epithelial tube that undergoes branching morphogenesis) |
|
|
Term
| Function of conducting portion |
|
Definition
| transport air to the alveoli to filter, clean, moisten, and warm or cool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| "respiratory epithelium" -- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells |
|
|
Term
| Elements of the conduit system below larynx |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle (for constriction) and elastic fibers (for recoil) |
|
|
Term
| conduit system from larynx to bronchi contains what kind of cartliage in their walls |
|
Definition
| complete or incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what part of the respiratory tree does not contain cartilage? |
|
Definition
| the parts that are distal to the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bronchioles, then terminal bronchioles, and finally respiratory bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the gas exchange portion of the system? |
|
Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct and associated alveolar sacs and alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa (mucous membrane) |
|
|
Term
| the respiratory tract is a series of tubes with |
|
Definition
| an epithelial lining, a lamina propria, connective tissue with glands (and sometimes cartilage), smooth muscle, and adventitia containing connective tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Are there goblet cells in the the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, or alveolar sac + alveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called conchae. incomplete plates of bone that divide each chamber of the nose into three smaller chambers (superior, middle, and inferior) |
|
|
Term
| lining of middle and inferior chambers of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lining of superior chamber of the nose |
|
Definition
| epithelium containing specialized olfactory (smell) receptors (olfactory epithelium) |
|
|
Term
| nasal cavity and paranasal sinus are lined by |
|
Definition
| a mucous membrane that consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells |
|
|
Term
| what is muco-ciliary clearance? |
|
Definition
| mucous traps debris and the cilia sweep the mucous posteriorly to the pharynx where it is swallowed or expectorated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by the addition of moisture from the mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the nasal cavity before it passes into the pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large thin-walled vascular venous plexuses contained in the lamina propria of the conchae that engorge periodically on alternate side of the nose. also warm inspired air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bipolar neurons that span the entire length of the epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what is in the highly specialized sensory epithelium that lines the olfactory region? |
|
Definition
| neurons and supporting cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the apical part of of an olfactory cell |
|
Definition
| modified dendrite with long (non-motile) cilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the nasopharynx? |
|
Definition
| uppermost part of pharynx |
|
|
Term
| what lines the nasopharynx? |
|
Definition
| pseudostratigied ciliated epithelium (respiratory epithelium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air-filled pockets in facial bones around nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paranasal sinus located in each cheek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6-12 small paranasal sinuses per side located between the eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one paranasal sinus per side, located in the forehead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one paranasal sinus per side located in the forehead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an opening in sinuses that connect to the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what lines paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
| respiratory epithelium (though thinner epithelium and fewer goblet cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phonation (formation of sounds) and control of air pathway (to ensure no food) |
|
|
Term
| major structures of larynx |
|
Definition
| epiglotti, thyroid, cartilage, cricoid cartilage, bilateral arytenoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratified squamous on upper (lingual) surface. lower (laryngeal) is respiratory epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plate of vascularized connective tissue surrounding elastic cartilage core, surrounded by perichondrium |
|
|
Term
| another name for false vocal cords |
|
Definition
| vestibular or ventricular folds |
|
|
Term
| what separates false vocal cords from true vocal cords? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the false vocal cords and true vocal cords located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines the upper larynx? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what lines the true vocal cords? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true vocal cords consist of |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium, vocal ligament (connective tissue with elastic bundles) and vocal muscles (skeletal) |
|
|
Term
| false vocal cords consist of |
|
Definition
| respiratory epithelium, lamina propria (with exocrine gland and lymphatic nodules |
|
|
Term
| what provides support and protection for the larynx? |
|
Definition
| plates of hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the trachea start and end? |
|
Definition
| larynx to bifurcation of two primary bronchi |
|
|
Term
| where are the 16-20 C shaped ventral hyaline cartilage rings? |
|
Definition
| in the lamina propria of the trachea |
|
|
Term
| do bronchi have c-shaped or o-shaped rings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as the bronchi divide, the hyaline cartilage form this instead of rings of cartilage |
|
Definition
| what is irregular plates? |
|
|
Term
| primary bronchi divide into |
|
Definition
| smaller secondary (or lobar) bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bronchopulmonary segments (~10/lung) |
|
|
Term
| do bronchioles contain cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do bronchioles have glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines larger bronchioles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines smaller bronchioles? |
|
Definition
| ciliary columnar and then cuboidal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-ciliated secretory cells -- dome-like cells that are located between ciliated cells. unknown function. secrete GAGs |
|
|
Term
| what lines respiratory bronchioles? |
|
Definition
| thin non-ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium (clara cells) that transition into squamous at the respiratory bronchiole/alveolar duct junction |
|
|
Term
| respiratory bronchioles have a layer of this beneath the mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a respiratory bronchiole in close association with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit of the lung (primary lobule) includes |
|
Definition
| alveolar ducts, atria, alveolar sacs, and alveoli |
|
|
Term
| what is the support for alveolar ducts and for alveoli? |
|
Definition
| a matrix of elastic and collagen fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminal portion of alveolar duct opens to here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sac-like structure at final part of bronchial tree |
|
|
Term
| why are adjacent alveoli connected by small pores? |
|
Definition
| to help equalize air pressure between them |
|
|
Term
| what is the alveolar wall composed of? |
|
Definition
| endothelial cells of blood capillaries (continuous and non-fenestrated), squamous type I epithelial cells, and secretory (type II) alveolar cells |
|
|
Term
| alveolar type I pneumocytes |
|
Definition
| simple squamous epithelial cells, ~97% of lining, attached by desmosomes and zonula occludens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cuboidal and have osmiophilic lamella bodies containing phospholipids, GAGs, phosphatidyl choline, and sphingomyelin. |
|
|
Term
| osmiophilic lamellar bodies contain which important substance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it coats alveolar linings and lowers surface tension to zero (preventing alveolar collapse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypophase (proteinaceous aqueous basal layer) and phospholipid phase (dipalmitoyl lecithin) |
|
|
Term
| another name for alveolar macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remove debris from lumen and from interstitium |
|
|
Term
| Who is the coolest kid in the class? |
|
Definition
|
|
