Term
| Where does transport diffusion happen? |
|
Definition
| Across alveolar capillary membrane |
|
|
Term
| 2 Major muscles involved in inpiration , and their functions |
|
Definition
Diaphragm- constricts into thorax and as a result increased volume of chest cavity= expands lungs
External Intercostals-muscles between ribs. Lift rib cage upward and increase volume in chest to increase the volume of oxygen that can come into the lungs. |
|
|
Term
| The diaphragm and external intercostals are what time of inspiration? |
|
Definition
| Passive inspiration- example= sleeping |
|
|
Term
| Additional muscles used during active inspiration (exercising) |
|
Definition
Sternocleido mastroids- muscles in neck that attach to the clavical
Scalene Muscles-lower part of neck, attached to upper part of ribs= more expansion and pull |
|
|
Term
| Name the expiration muscles and their functions |
|
Definition
Abdominal muscles- muscles contract and force diaphram upward. Causes a decrease colume in thorax
Internal Intercostals-cause the rib to pull downwards which decreases the volume in the thorax |
|
|
Term
As you go down the airway what happens to the diameter?
What does that do to velocity? |
|
Definition
It decreases.
Velocity decreases as cross sectional area increases? |
|
|
Term
| What is important about expiratory muscles? |
|
Definition
| During passive inspiration you do not contract expiratory muscles. Only during exerceise and metabolic demand will you use them. |
|
|
Term
| What do Goblet cells do and where are they located? |
|
Definition
They are located in the upper airway and they secrete mucous into the airway.
-lay on top of the water in the upper airway |
|
|
Term
| What does the pharynx do? And where is it located? |
|
Definition
Upper respiratory system
Regulates whether airway is open or closed. |
|
|
Term
What shape does a diaphragm take at rest?
When you inspire what happens? |
|
Definition
Upside down U.
Increases volume in the thorax |
|
|
Term
Membranes that surround each lung.
What do they do? |
|
Definition
| Pleural membranes. Covers surfrace and inner surface of chest wall. |
|
|
Term
| The cohesivness of the pleural fluid helps to |
|
Definition
| hold the lungs up close to the chest wall. Chest wall expands= lungs expand |
|
|
Term
| what is responsible for breathing? |
|
Definition
| Expansion and contraction of thorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where gas exchange occurs |
|
|
Term
| What are bronchioles and cluster of alveoli? |
|
Definition
| Terminal airsacs. Fills in a flows out. Expands alveoli. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between bronchioles (upper) and repiratory bronchioles? |
|
Definition
| Repiratory bronchioles deal with gas exchange (distal). Upper bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| Cells in the upper airway function to: |
|
Definition
| Humidify airway, secrete fluid into the space, and warm air as is comes down thorugh cillian and mucous secretion. This helps to filter the particles that are coming in. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saline (NaCl) solution which covers the sillia completely |
|
|
Term
| Affects of cigarette smoke on the cilia? |
|
Definition
| paralyzes down the cilia- causes a smoker cough becaus ethe cilia are not working properly to help move the musous out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cl is brought into the epithetial cell from the Extracullular fluid
-Na comes in but ATP pumps it out allowing K to flow into the cell
-Cl finds its way to the top where the anion channel CFTR is located
-binds to receptor which allows chlorine to enter into the lumen
-Na is now allowed to pass through the paracellular pathway to the lumen
-NaCl makes water follow |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the Cl channel is not functioning? |
|
Definition
| We wouldnt have water in the airspace |
|
|
Term
What causes Cystic Fibrosis?
What does it cause?
|
|
Definition
Defect in the CFTR Chlordie channel- amount of chlorine transported is limited as well as the amount of saline produced in the airway. Causes mucous and huge CONSTRICTION in the airways.
GENETICS DISEASE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genectics disease caused by poor Cl transport in epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What kind of blood runs through the pulmonary artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alveoli are surrounded by... |
|
Definition
| a capillary bed primarily the pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| What happens to elastic fibers when you take a breath? |
|
Definition
| Expand alveoli, relax, then recoil |
|
|
Term
| What is surface area responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to gas exchange if you increase surface area? |
|
Definition
| Gas exchange also increases |
|
|
Term
Role of lymphatic system
What happens if there is a buildup or fluid? |
|
Definition
Keeps fluid in inner spatial layer removed.
-Can screw up Gas exchange (Pulmonary edema) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responisble for gas exchange, cover majority of alveolar surface (thin and spread out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not involved in gas exchange.
Role is to synthesize and secrete surfactant into the airspace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces surface tension on surface of Alveolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Migrate from capillary bed to epithelial cells and into the into airspace.
Their job is to inject foreign materials that made its way into the inner airways |
|
|
Term
| How large is surface area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On average how many alveoli are there in a lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
