Term
| What is the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| it moves oxygen from the outside to the body and removes carbon dioxide and water (vapor) from the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo complex chemical reactions to release energy |
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Term
| respiratory system could not function without your ______ and ________ systems |
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Definition
digestive and circulatory systems
Circulatory: carries oxygen from your lungs and glucose from food to your cells
Digestive: absorbs glucose from food |
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Term
| mixture of gases in the atmosphere: |
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Definition
oxygen: 21%
nitrogen: 78%
other (carbon dioxide, helium): 1% |
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Term
| airs passes through a series of organs: |
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Definition
| nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi |
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Term
| how is air made "usable" (filtering, etc.) |
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Definition
cilia (nose hairs) sweep mucus to throat
mucus traps microorganisms and moistens air
blood vessels in nostrils warm the air |
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Term
| what happens to mucus in the stomach? |
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Definition
| it is destroyed by stomach acid |
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Term
| the organ that is shared by the respiratory and digestive system: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
windpipe
has firm rings of cartilage that strengthen it and keep it open.
lined with cilia and mucus, cilia sweep UPWARD
if particles irritate trachea lining, you cough |
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Term
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Definition
| you sneeze if its irritated |
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Term
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Definition
| the passages that direct air to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood, they are surrounded by capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| after air enters an alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus, then the capillary wall to the blood. carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood to the alveoli |
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Term
| what are the muscles involved in breathing? |
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Definition
| rib muscles and diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| rib muscles contract, lifting ches up and out. at the same time, diaphragm contracts and moves down, making the chest cavity larger. air pressure differences now cause air to rush in |
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Term
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Definition
| rib muscles and diaphragm relax, chest cavity smaller, air squeezed out |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. muscles make them contract, causing a slit-like opening between them
2. air rushes through this opening
3. the movement of vocal cords make the air molecules vibrate, creating your voice |
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Term
| 3 chemicals in cigarettes: |
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Definition
| carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine |
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Term
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Definition
| dark, sticky substance. clumps cilia together. contains chemicals that cause cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| colorless, odorless gas. binds with hemoglobin and reduces amount of oxygen in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| speeds up heart, nervous system, and other organs. highly addictive |
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Term
| over time, smokers can develop ________, __________. and ____________ |
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Definition
| bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| irritation of the breathing passages in which they become narrow and may clog with mucus |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to lung tissue and breathing passages. people with it cannot get enough oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide, causes shortness of breath |
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Term
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Definition
| 140,000 americans die each year from lung cancer caused by smoking. cigarettes contain over 40 dif. cancer-causing chemicals |
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Term
| how can chemicals in tobacco smoke harm the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| some chemicals can get into the blood and are absorbed by blood vessels |
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Term
| what is the excretory system? |
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Definition
| system in the body that collects wastes produced by cells and removes wastes from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| main organs of the excretory system that eliminate urea, excess water, and other wastes |
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Term
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Definition
| the tubes that urine flows through between the kidneys and the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| sacklike muscular organ that stores urine |
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Term
| stages of urine formation: |
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Definition
1. both wastes and needed materials are removed from blood
2. needed material is returned to blood |
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Term
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Definition
1. blood flows until reaching a cluster of capillaries in the nephron
2. in the capillary cluster, urea, water, glucose, and other substances are filtered out of the blood, which pass into a capsule that surrounds the capillary cluster
3. from the capsule, materials flow through a tube that is surrounded by capillaries, where needed materials (glucose and water) are reabsorbed
4. the waste liquid that remains in the tube is urine |
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Term
| how can urine determine if someone has a disease? |
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Definition
| if glucose or protein is in urine, it is a sign that kidneys are not working properly |
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Term
| other organs of excretion are ___________, ________, and ___________ |
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Definition
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