Term
| Advanced practice nurses have a commitment to this. |
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Definition
| Quality. Quality defined. Degree to which health services increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowlege. |
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Term
| What are the cornerstone of advanced practice nursing? |
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Definition
| Best provider. Best treatment. Best dose. Best route. |
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Term
| Who said "lead, follow, or get out of the way." |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of research? |
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Definition
| To search again. Diligent and systematic inquiry. Discovery. |
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Term
| What is the definition of nursing research? |
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Definition
| A scientific process that: validates and refines existing knowlege, or generates new knowledge. Directly and indirectly influences nursing practice. May include education, admin, health services, nursing roles, and nurses' charateristics. |
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Term
| Who was the first nursing researcher? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first woman member of the royal statistical society? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Nightingale admire? |
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Definition
| Adolphe Quetelet. Belgian astronomer/mathematician. Founder of "social physics" |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning and memory are derived primarily from our experiences...data driven. |
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Term
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Definition
| The source of true knowledge is logical thinking/reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: In "post-modern" knowing there are no absolute laws, principles, or truths. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anesthesiology's perspective on knowledge is rooted in this: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 general purposes of research? |
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Definition
1. Describe-does it exist?
2. Explain- where does it occur? Why does it occur?
3. Predict-When does it occur?
4. Control-How can I use it? |
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Term
| In the heirarchy of clinical knowledge what review is the highest quality? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the heirarchy of clinical knowedge, what is considered the lowest quality text? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the cochrane collection founded and who founded it? |
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Definition
| Founded in 1993 and named after British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane. |
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Term
| What is the cochrane collection? |
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Definition
| International not-for-profit and independent organization, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide. |
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Term
| In the evidence rating system, what is level I? |
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Definition
| Meta-analysis/systematic reviews |
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Term
| In the evidence rating system, what is level VI? |
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Definition
| Opinion of respected authorities |
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Term
| In the evidence rating system, the 'A Stable Diamophism in the common paper clip' how would you rate it? |
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Definition
| IIa. Experimental design. Meticulous description and attention to detail. |
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Term
| In the ACC/AHA evidence level, what is level A? |
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Definition
| Level A is evidence from multiple clinical trials or meta-analysis evaluating multiple populations. |
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Term
| In the ACC/AHA evidence levels, what is level C? |
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Definition
| Level C is evidence from case studies, standards of care, or expert opinion involving limited populations. |
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Term
| In the ACC/AHA Classification what is Class I for evidence-based recommendations? |
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Definition
| Class I: Benefits outweigh risk. Should perform/administer recommendation. |
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Term
| In the ACC/AHA Classification what is Class III for evidence-based recommendations? |
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Definition
| Class III: Risk outweighs benefit. Should not perform/administer recommendations. |
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Term
| In the heirarchy of clinical knowledge is systems or studies higher? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is evidence-based medicine? |
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Definition
| The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about care of individual patients. |
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Term
| What is evidence-based health care? |
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Definition
| Extends all application of the principles of EBM to all professions associated with healthcare, including purchasing and management. |
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Term
| True/False: When comparing EBDM and research, process can be simular and focus is different. |
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Definition
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Term
| Are systemic reviews evidence or necessity driven? |
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Definition
| Evidence-driven. Ex: Cochrane reviews |
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Term
| Are practical guidelines evidence or necessity driven? |
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Definition
| Necessity-driven. Ex: ACP, ASA, ASPAN |
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Term
| True/False: Research is essential for growth of the discipline. |
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Definition
| True. And perhaps sustainability of the discipline. |
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Term
| What is the clinical practice of anesthesia predominantly based on? |
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Definition
| Empiricism. However, there are also rational and post-modern paths to knowledge. |
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Term
| What system exists to evaluate both general and clinical knowedge? |
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Definition
| Classification (heirarchy) |
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Term
| True/False: Classification systems for clinical knowlege provide a "shorthand" system to describe the credibility of research findings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should knowlege quests start? |
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Definition
| Knowledge quests should start with highest level of knowlege. |
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Term
| What type of article is "The Icarus Effect: The influence of diluent warming on dantrolene sodium mixing time." |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning and memory are derived primarily from our experiences...data driven. |
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Term
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Definition
| The source of true knowledge is logical thinking/reasoning. Socratic reasoning. |
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Term
| What does PICO stand for? |
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Definition
| Patient Interventions Comparative Outcomes |
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Term
| Is most everything we do in nursing qualitative or quantitative? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Quantitative research is not formal, objective, systemic process. |
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Definition
| False. It is formal, objective, systemic process using numerical data to obtain information about the world. |
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Term
| What is quantitative research charaterized by? |
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Definition
| Charaterized by rigor, objectivity and control. |
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Term
| What are 3 types of quantitative research? |
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Definition
| Basic, applied and translational research |
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Term
| This type of quantitative research is directed toward the acquisition of new knowledge? |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of quantitative research is directed toward solving immediate practical problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| Translational research describes the recursive process as? |
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Definition
| Basic research- clinial application. Clinical application- basic research. Basic research- clinical application. |
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Term
| True/False: Qualitative research emerged from "post-positivist" philosophy. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it when reality is characterized by patterns and trends that can be used to describe, explain, and predict (empiricism and rationalism)? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Post-positivism can only be discovered perfectly. |
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Definition
| False. Post-positivism can only be discovered perfectly. |
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Term
| How post-positivism be understood? |
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Definition
| Can only be understood by studying persons as they interact with, and within, their socio-historical settings. |
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Term
| True/False: Quantitative research focused on deep understanding of how a phenomenon is experienced by an individual |
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Definition
| False: Qualitative Research |
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Term
| Does qualitative or quantitative emphasize narrative over numbers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does qualitative or quantitative research capture context through interview and observation? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Lived experiences" is qualitative or quantitative research? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: With Qualitative research the researcher has minimal control |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of qualitative research? |
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Definition
| studying how a full time nurse anesthesia graduate student changes daily living patterns |
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Concise/objective/reductionist |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Broad/interpretive/holistic |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Logistic and deductive reasoning |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Theory testing |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Dialetic and inductive reasoning |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Theory development |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: Control |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: shared interpretations |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: instruments, numbers, and statistics |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: accept/reject theoretical propositions, generalizable |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: unstructured interviews, observation and individual interpretation |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative or Quantitative: unique understanding of phenomenon and new theory |
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Definition
| Qualitative. "thick and rich description" |
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Term
| what is outcome research? |
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Definition
| examines results of care/intervention and measures changes in health status of patients |
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Term
| what is intervention research? |
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Definition
| tests an interventions effectiveness to achieve the desired outcome in a natural setting |
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Term
| what are the 4 general purposes of research? |
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Definition
1. Describe - does it exist? what does it look like?
2. explain. where does it occur? why does it occur?
3. predict. when does it occur?
4. control. how can i use it? |
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|
Term
| what are the 4 general purposes of research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 types of general quantitative designs? |
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Definition
1. Descriptive
2. Correlational
3. Experimental
4. Quasi-experimental |
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Term
| what is quantitative descriptive research? |
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Definition
| to gain more info about characteristics within a particular field of study. May describe single groups at a single time point, or groups over time. No manipulation of variables. No identification of dependant or independant variables |
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Term
| what is quantitative correlational research? |
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Definition
| examine relationships among variables. association (does not infer causation). Prediction (with specified independant and dependant variables) |
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Term
| what is quantitative experimental research? |
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Definition
| examines causality (manipulation of independant variable affects dependent variable). Rigorously controls sampling and setting. Requires subject randomization, comparison groups and treatment manipulation. Most powerful, but difficult to achieve in clinical setting |
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Term
| what is quantitative quasi-experimental research? |
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Definition
| designated for use when any component of experimental design is not feasable. Intended to limit threats to internal validity |
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Term
| what is the good and bad news when dealing with strategies for reading research articles? |
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Definition
Good: research articles are written following predictable patterns
Bad: Research articles need to be read more than once to grasp the nuance |
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Term
| when preparing to read a crappy journal article what 4 questions should we ask? |
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Definition
1. what do we know about the journal?
2. what do we know about the authors?
3. why the hell was the investigation conducted?
4. are there any evident conflicts of interest? |
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Term
| IMRaD is a general structure of an article, what does it stand for? |
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Definition
| Introduction Methods Results and Discussion |
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Term
| what are the background question types? |
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Definition
General knowledge. Components: Root (who, what, where, when, how or why) + verb.
Object: (disorder, treatment, technology ect) ex. how does BS monitoring work? |
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Term
| what are foreground question types? |
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Definition
| Specifically relevant. Components: PICO. ex, is the BS monitor effective in reducing the incidence of explicit recall in adult polytrauma patients? |
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|
Term
| what does PICO stand for? |
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Definition
Patient or Problem
Intervention
Comparison (if relevant)
Outcome (including time frame if relevant) |
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Term
| In PICO, the patient or problem what question should you ask? |
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Definition
| what population are you investigating? Age. gender. ethnicity. disease/disorder |
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Term
| In PICO the intervention or area of interest what question should you ask? |
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Definition
| what do you want to do for the patient/population? Treatment, diagnostic test, medication, and environment |
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Term
| In PICO, the comparison, intervention/status what question should you ask |
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Definition
| to what alternatives will the intervention be compared? Gold standard, placebo, no disease/treatment. Different intervention. Different population |
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Term
| In PICO, the Outcome of interest what question should you ask? |
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Definition
| what will be measurably improved for the patient/population? risk of disease/complication/adverse event. Accuracy/time of diagnosis/detection. return of status (ex self-care, work, home), satisfaction/perception. Resource utilization/cost |
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Term
| what are the 5 items in a "bare bones" article? |
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Definition
Title
purpose
hypotheses
findings
conclusions |
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Term
| what are the 8 sources of research qestions? |
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Definition
clinical problems/questions
literature
regulatory agencies
technology
new diagnosis
media
sentinel events
legislative events |
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|
Term
| what does IMRad stand for? |
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Definition
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion - this is the general structure of an article |
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|
Term
| what are the 2 quantitative building blocks? |
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Definition
| variables and definitions |
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Term
| true/false: variables can be dependant or independant |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| true/false: Definitions can be conceptual or operational |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of variable? |
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Definition
| any construct with one or more changeable value that is examined in research |
|
|
Term
| what is a dependant variable? |
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Definition
| the response, behavior, or outcome the researcher wants to explain, predict or control |
|
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Term
| what is an independant variable? |
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Definition
| a stimulus or activity manipulated by the researcher to create on the dependent variable |
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Term
| in the article "the Icaurus effect" what is the dependent and independent variables? |
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Definition
Depenent - Time
Independent - Temp |
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Term
| in the article about PONV, what is the dependent and independent variables? |
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Definition
Dependent - nausea/vomiting
Independent - Drug hospital setting |
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