Term
| Inter-subject variability |
|
Definition
| Randomization, Counterbalancing of treatment order, and Case-control sampling of participants would control for what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participant and tester blinding would control for what? |
|
|
Term
| rejecting a true null hypothesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| failing to reject a false null hypothesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha level protects against what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta level protects against what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is beta level typically set at? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the likelihood of detecting an effect of the independent variable, if indeed it has an effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The greater the sample size, the more the sample mean resembles the population mean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All people or items with the characteristics the investigator wishes to understand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| That part of target population that is available to the researcher. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals participating in the study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Characteristic of the participants in a study: age, gender, income, ethnicity, profession, marital status, socioeconomic status, level of education, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generalization of findings in a study |
|
|
Term
To recruit enough subjects to meet the sample size required for the study.
To recruit a sample that is unbiased - Representative of the target population. |
|
Definition
| What are the two goals of recruitment for a study? |
|
|
Term
| PROBABILITY (RANDOM) SAMPLING |
|
Definition
| Each individual in the target population has equal chance of being selected. |
|
|
Term
Simple random sampling
Systematic random sampling
Stratified random sampling |
|
Definition
| What are the three types of random sampling? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sample of convenience or “opportunity sampling” |
|
|
Term
| Purposive or Judgmental Sampling |
|
Definition
| selecting individuals with particular characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experimental participants are engaged in recruiting additional participants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ecruiting individuals to ensure a particular proportion of certain characteristics are represented in the sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exert a “confounding influence” on conclusions; i.e. threaten internal validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aims to answer whether or not the results of the experiment are correctly drawn. |
|
|
Term
| Better internal validity, less external validity |
|
Definition
| High control of extraneous variables results in what for external and internal validity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An event outside of the research study that can alter or effect participants’ performance THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural physiological or psychological changes in research participants as a function of the passage of time THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Changes in
dependent variable are actually
a result of change in testing
instrument during the course of
the study THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subjects become more skillful at completing the dependent variable task with practice THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
| Statistical regression (Regression to the mean) |
|
Definition
| More extreme or unusual characteristics will have a bigger effect with a small sample. THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
| Multiple treatment interference |
|
Definition
| When multiple interventions are being compared in a study. THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participants unconsciously change their behavior in anticipation of the hypothesized outcome of the experiment THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY. |
|
|
Term
Placebo
Deception about dependent variable |
|
Definition
| How do you solve for a demand characteristic? |
|
|
Term
| Pre-testing Sensitization |
|
Definition
| Participants response to treatment may be influenced by the experience of taking the pre-testing. Thus, pretested population is no longer representative of the target population. THREAT TO EXTERNAL VALIDITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If it was true when the data was collected, is it still true? THREAT TO EXTERNAL VALIDITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The extent to which findings from a study can be generalized across settings, conditions, variables, and contexts.THREAT TO EXTERNAL VALIDITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studies involving the testing of a hypothesis by comparing a probability (of type I error) against a predetermined alpha level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a systematic, subjective approach (subjective data) to describe or interpret whatever is been researched. The units of analyses are in words, or visual representations (pictures, or objects). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A combination of Qualitative and Quantitative methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involves generation of new knowledge or development of new theories; not to solve problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scientific method to solve specific practice-related problems; e.g. clinical, education, and socioeconomic studies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quantitatively describe data without manipulating an independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The investigator observes variables without manipulating them (no treatment/ intervention). Examples: observation, description, correlation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Application of an intervention (manipulation/treatment) and observation of its effect on the outcome. Examples: experimental - Cause and effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each subject is examined on only one occasion (a single point in time). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each subject is followed over a period of time (Repeated Measures/Time Series). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses existing data that have been recorded for reasons more than research. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An in-depth investigation of a person, a single situation, program, an event, an activity, a proces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Descriptive studies of a few cases. In-depth investigation of multiple individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Data collection or availability of data after the research question is developed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focuses on “why” question to develop causal explanations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is involved with the forecasting of a likelihood of something happening or assessing a relationship between variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Categorize one or more groups based upon level of a certain variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Exactly two groups:
One with condition
One without condition
To ensure internal validity, other variables must be equally represented between groups |
|
|
Term
| Matched Case-control Study |
|
Definition
| For each patient, there is a non-patient who resembles the patient in as many ways as possible except for the condition of interest. |
|
|
Term
| Unmatched Case-control study |
|
Definition
| Researchers depend upon sample size and randomization to ensure that patient and control groups are equivalent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SYMBOLS IN RESEARCH DESIGN - Represents exposure of a group to treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SYMBOLS IN RESEARCH DESIGN - Refers to an observation or measurement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SYMBOLS IN RESEARCH DESIGN -Indicates random assignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SYMBOLS IN RESEARCH DESIGN -Comparison groups not equated by random assignment. |
|
|
