Term
| A correlation is a single number ____________ that describes the degree of relationship between two variables. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A post-positivist would be most likely to hold which of the following positions? |
|
Definition
| Scientific truth is a goal that we seek, even if we never achieve it perfectly. |
|
|
Term
| A selection bias would be evident if two group pre-test means in a quasi-experiment are analyzed and determined to be ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bottom-up reasoning is formally known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For which of the following reasons are samples typically used? |
|
Definition
A. Collecting information from a population may be prohibitively expensive in terms of time and money.
B. In many cases, it is impossible to collect information on all people in a population.
C. The sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population. D. All of the above |
|
|
Term
| How many levels are there in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If we know that a score is two standard deviations above the mean, we know that the score lies in what part of the distribution (assuming that it is a normal distribution). |
|
Definition
| The score is likely to be at the 95th percentile. |
|
|
Term
| In a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial study including program (behavior modification vs. psychotherapy), time in program (30 minutes vs. 60 minutes per session) and setting (group vs. individual) what is "time in program"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are explicitly constructed to address a hypothesis or research question |
|
|
Term
| In the pretest-posttest control group design the____ group receives the independent variable and the ____ group does not. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multiple measures of the same variables (e.g., observation, paper and pencil test, interview, etc.) are used primarily to improve: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Random assignment is the best procedure to use in order to achieve in your study: |
|
Definition
| probabilistic equivalence of participants |
|
|
Term
| Researchers were interested in obtaining a non-survey estimate of popularity of various musical genres in different locations so they counted the number of customers who visited each section of several music stores. They were using a/an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _______________ in a t-test is a function of the number of participants (the N) : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ scaling method typically includes a step in which the items are rated with a scale with extremes defined as “strongly unfavorable” and “strongly favorable” to the concept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formula x=t+e is the basic equation in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The key feature of ______________ is that every case in the sampling frame has the same chance of being selected. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The right of a research participant to not have his/her name revealed to others is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The statistic that is typically used to describe sampling error is termed the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To assess the adequacy of a sample: |
|
Definition
| One must be able to identify the total population |
|
|
Term
| _______ validity is most related to establishing a cause-effect relationship in a study. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important reason for establishing the validity of measurement? |
|
Definition
| So we can interpret the results as meaningful indicators of what we are trying to measure. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements of research design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the most effective way to rule out threats to external validity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the most effective way to rule out threats to external validity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of validity is primarily concerned with determining whether there is a relationship between two measures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following ethical practices gives participants the greatest degree of privacy when participating in a study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When evaluating whether the activities of a political campaign influenced voter behavior, the research is interested in which of the following kinds of relationships? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When researchers consider the resources needed to conduct a study, the availability of participants, or the amount of time needed for a study, they are evaluating what aspect of the study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Researchers investigating the effects of math anxiety on the performance of students in statistics have found that very low and very high anxiety are associated with poor test performance, but medium levels of anxiety are associated with better test performance. This is an example of what kind of pattern of relationship if we are measuring math anxiety and test performance in a statistics class |
|
Definition
| a curvilinear relationship |
|
|
Term
| Gender is an example of what kind of variable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a study of whether members of fraternities drink more than other students, what would the null hypothesis be? |
|
Definition
| There is no difference in amount of alcohol consumed by fraternity members vs. students who are not fraternity members. |
|
|
Term
| Deductive reasoning is also known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The type of analysis that involves examination of more than one unit of analysis is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you observe a young person driving faster than the speed limit and think "Kids are all lousy drivers....they should raise the driving age!" your thinking may be subject to an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hourglass model of research suggests that: |
|
Definition
| Research generally begins with broad questions, and then narrows to a very specific hypothesis before generalizing back to the larger issue. |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of validity is sampling most related to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following strategies would probably not strengthen the external validity of a study? |
|
Definition
| using qualitative methods |
|
|
Term
| If we look at the average college entrance exam score for a random sample of first year college students in one particular school, we'd be recording what is referred to as a: |
|
Definition
| statistic of that population |
|
|
Term
| The greater your sample size, the _______ your standard error: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If we know that a score is three standard deviations above the mean, we know that the score lies in what part of the distribution (assuming that it is a normal distribution). |
|
Definition
| The score is likely to be in the highest 1% of the distribution. |
|
|
Term
| The key feature of simple random sampling is that: |
|
Definition
| Every case in the sampling frame has the same chance of being selected |
|
|
Term
| A college counseling center is interested in finding out about the attitudes toward counseling of the students who live in the dormitories. The total number of students in the dorms is 1200, and the counseling center decides to pick a 25% sample, meaning that there is a one in four chance of any particular student being selected to receive the survey. This sample could be considered a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A student was planning to conduct a dissertation on the topic of cultural competence in high school counselors. She wanted to be sure that she had a proportionate stratified random sample that would allow her to examine the relationship of race and gender on opinions about cultural competence in counseling. What steps should she take to be sure that she would have the best chance of obtaining such a sample? |
|
Definition
| Divide the groups into homogenous subgroups according to race and gender, then randomly draw a sample population with the same percent in each subgroup. |
|
|
Term
| A researcher obtains a list of all possible participants in a study (the sampling frame). If she begins her sampling by selecting a single random number and then selects every xth person on the list, which of the following sampling procedures would she be using? |
|
Definition
| systematic random sampling |
|
|
Term
| If a researcher needs to study a wide geographic area, which sampling strategy might be the best option? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following refers to the degree to which inferences can be made from the operationalizations of programs, treatments or theoretical ideas in a study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A researcher wanted to test the effectiveness of a new program. As part of her preparations, she developed a checklist of all of the things that her literature review suggested should be included in the program. Then she had a panel of experts review her study plan and complete the checklist to indicate if they thought each of the items was included in the program. What kind of validity was this researcher addressing with this procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of validity involves assessment of the accuracy of predictions made by your theory? |
|
Definition
| criterion-related validity |
|
|
Term
| Testing the degree to which a measure can accurately differentiate between groups (e.g., diagnostic groups) involves examination of which kind of validity evidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One way of thinking about construct validity suggests that concepts are considered in a strict dichotomized fashion. This perspective suggests that a measure of a construct either measures the construct or it does not. This is an example of what kind of perspective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discriminant correlation coefficients should be as ___ as possible and convergent correlation coefficients should be as ___ as possible. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Over-reliance on a single self-report measure of a construct sets the stage for which type of threat to construct validity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a single researcher conducts all of the data collection for a study that involves interviewing participants, and if the study has great personal meaning for the researcher (as in a thesis or dissertation), what type of construct validity threat might exist in the study? |
|
Definition
| experimenter or researcher expectancy |
|
|
Term
| Cronbach and Meehl developed a model that attempted to tie together constructs and observables in a meaningful way called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A multitrait-multimethod matrix is a special kind of ________ matrix: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a type of survey technique? |
|
Definition
| All of the above are useful survey techniques |
|
|
Term
| Sometimes researchers are interested in learning about specific topics that not everyone could be assumed to have experience with. In order to establish that your respondent is able to validly respond to your survey, you should: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In face to face interviews, there is frequently a tendency for a respondent to want to please the interviewer or "look good". This issue is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A survey question that includes a "Yes/No" response format would be considered: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A filter question is also known as a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "What do you think of proposed changes in benefits and hours?" is an example of a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following strategies is likely to increase the probability of an honest response? |
|
Definition
| All of the above are potentially effective alternatives. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following survey methods would generally be considered the poorest choice if maintaining privacy of respondents was a priority? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would constitute good practice in question sequencing: |
|
Definition
| Put more difficult, threatening questions near the end |
|
|
Term
| At the end of surveys quite often it is good to add a question that allows respondents to add comments on the survey itself or any additional thoughts about the topic covered in the survey. What kind of question format does this represent? |
|
Definition
| unstructured or open-ended |
|
|
Term
| A quantitative composite score based on a rule-based combination of other variables is a/an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Construction of an index begins with: |
|
Definition
| Carefully defining the construct to be represented by the index |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a good example of an index? |
|
Definition
| Your score on a final examination |
|
|
Term
| When we figure out how to turn a construct that we want to include in an index into some sort of quantitative score, we are ___________ the construct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following best represents the final step in developing an index? |
|
Definition
| Validating the index over time to be sure it accurately represents what it is intended to. |
|
|
Term
| The Thurstone, Likert & Guttman scaling methods all apply to which kind of scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scales and indexes both offer which of the following benefits? |
|
Definition
| they both allow you to use a single score to represent a complex construct |
|
|
Term
| If you have a set of statements that describe an attitude and ask some raters to rate or rank them in order of favorableness toward to the object (e.g., toward immigrants) your procedure would resemble which scaling method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which scaling method typically includes a step in which the items are rated with a scale like this one: 1=Strongly unfavorable to the concept, 2 = Somewhat unfavorable to the concept, 3 = Undecided, 4 = Somewhat favorable to the concept, 5 =Strongly favorable to the concept |
|
Definition
| Likert or summative scaling |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements are accurate? |
|
Definition
| Quantitative methods excel at summarizing large amounts of data |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not an approach to qualitative research? |
|
Definition
| secondary analysis of large national datasets like the Census |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would not be a sensible use of qualitative measures? |
|
Definition
| to obtain a general estimate of the incidence of a particular problem across a relatively large geographic area |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following case study methods can be considered both a form of measurement and a form of intervention? |
|
Definition
| Most Significant Change technique |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about mixed methods research? |
|
Definition
| In mixed methods research, we simultaneously conduct both qualitative and quantitative research to achieve the advantages of each and mitigate their weaknesses. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following characteristics of qualitative research might be thought of as corresponding to internal validity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ in qualitative research is comparable to objectivity in quantitative research. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Possible strategies for assessing the confirmability of a qualitative study research results include: |
|
Definition
a) have an independent researcher critique the results of the study and report the comments with your results
b) do a data audit after the fact to make judgments about potential bias
c) see if it is possible to identify data that contradicts prior observations
d) All of the above will increase the confirmability of qualitative research results. |
|
|
Term
| Researchers were interested in obtaining a non-survey estimate of political candidate popularity prior to an election so they counted all of the bumper stickers in a mall parking lot. They were using a/an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A researcher collected all of the case reports she could find about a particular health condition. Then she systematically read each one and coded it for the presence of certain kinds of comments and observations about the patient. What kind of qualitative research strategy was she using? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following forms of validity is most related to establishing a cause-effect relationship in a study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A design that allows you to control alternative plausible explanations of a causal relationship would be said to be strong in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A researcher examined a new intervention in an experimental design. The results of the study showed that the intervention was effective, but the apparent cause of the result was not the one that the program theory suggested. This study can be said to have internal validity, but not _________ validity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When considering a "What came first, the chicken or the egg?" question in an attempt to establish cause and effect, which of the following considerations for establishing causality is relevant: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of all of the following factors in establishing causality, which is the most difficult to establish? |
|
Definition
| determine that no other possible explanations exist for the relationship |
|
|
Term
| When conducting longitudinal (e.g., pre-post) research on learning, it is helpful to have alternative forms of assessments available in order to control _________ threats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A research group was preparing a study that would be conducted at several sites. At each site, they were using a physiological measure that had to be calibrated (reset and checked to make sure it was measuring accurately) each time a new data collection occurred. If the study personnel were not careful about doing this, which threat would probably be operating in the study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Regression toward the mean" in a single group study can be interpreted as: |
|
Definition
| the "you can only go up (or down) from here" phenomenon |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a true statement about regression toward the mean? |
|
Definition
| The more extreme the sample group, the greater the regression to the mean |
|
|
Term
| When participant dropout occurs in a pre-post design, it is a good idea to check potential bias in the results by: |
|
Definition
| see whether the dropouts differ from those who completed the study on the pretest measure |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is not a good reason to do a qualitative study? |
|
Definition
| when you are anxious about statistical analysis |
|
|
Term
| ___________ involves an analysis of the meaning of documents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not one of Morse's criteria for evaluating qualitative research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ begins with a general focus, identifies core concepts as data are gathered, uses then a process of memoing and comparison between concepts and the data? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not one of Eisner's six features that "make a study qualitative"? |
|
Definition
| The study employs the reliable measures as instruments. |
|
|
Term
| Maintaining a "hands off" attitude would not be part of which of the following study designs? |
|
Definition
a) Participant Observation
b) Ethnography
c) Phenomenology
d) None of these study designs would have a "hands off" attitude. |
|
|
Term
| _____________ means that the story is told in detail, communicating the essence of what it is like for the participants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____________ content analysis the researcher examines a model by counting occurrences of particular terms or phrases according to a coding scheme derived from a model. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common ___________ approach is participant observation as a part of field research. The __________ becomes immersed in the culture as an active participant and records extensive field notes. |
|
Definition
| ethnographic, ethnographer |
|
|
Term
| Indirect measures, content analysis and secondary analysis all share the characteristic of _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The randomized experiment is considered a very ________ design when you're interested in internal validity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to achieve probabilistic equivalence of participants in your design, the best procedure to use is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ validity can be increased by the use of a an "artificial" laboratory experimental setting, but at the expense of _______ validity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you set the alpha level to .05 in a randomized two group experiment, what are the chances that your groups will be statistically equivalent on a pre-test measure (e.g., if you compare them with a t-test)? |
|
Definition
| They will be equivalent 95 times out of 100 |
|
|
Term
| Random assignment is to __________ validity as random selection is to ______ validity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Random assignment involves ___________ while random selection is most related to _____________. |
|
Definition
| research design, sampling |
|
|
Term
| A ___________ is considered a "signal enhancing" design. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ design can improve research by "reducing the noise" that surrounds treatment effects |
|
Definition
| Either covariance or blocking |
|
|
Term
| How many factors are in a 3 x 4 factorial design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ________ effect is an outcome that is a consistent difference between levels of a factor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A design that involves two existing groups (like two classrooms in a school) is employing a kind of quasi-experimental design known as the __________ groups design. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reason that nonequivalent groups are not as strong in internal validity as randomly assigned groups is that: |
|
Definition
| Pre-existing differences between groups may account for at least some part of the observed outcomes |
|
|
Term
| "Nonequivalent" in quasi-experimental design means: |
|
Definition
| random assignment was not used |
|
|
Term
| A ________ bias would be evident if two group pre-test means in a quasi-experiment are analyzed and determined to be significantly different |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________________ design is generally considered comparable the randomized experiment internal validity? |
|
Definition
| regression-discontinuity design |
|
|
Term
| One of the advantages of the regression-discontinuity design is that: |
|
Definition
| It has a moral/ethical advantage over other designs in that the use of a cutoff score allows members of the population most in need to receive the treatment |
|
|
Term
| In the regression-discontinuity design, "discontinuity" means: |
|
Definition
| the regression lines of the groups are not equal |
|
|
Term
| The retrospective or archived pretest design is best when: |
|
Definition
| you want to study change but no pretest data was collected |
|
|
Term
| The _____________ design is particularly useful in providing information about selection-maturation threats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a condition that must be met in order to assume a cause-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the generally the weakest way to minimize threats to the validity of research? |
|
Definition
| Establish a convincing argument against alternative explanations. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements of research design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following strategies would help rule out history threats to internal validity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expanding across observations is especially helpful in: |
|
Definition
| establishing convergent and discriminant validity |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would generally not be considered a characteristic good design: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overall, the most efficient, powerful, and valid strategy for assigning participants to conditions is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you know that in a two-group design, the probability of assignment to either group is exactly .5, the design is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not one of the more recent developments in research design? |
|
Definition
| Decreased importance of theory in design |
|
|
Term
| Theory has become ________ in contemporary research design |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first step in data analysis is usually: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of analysis allows you to test hypothese about a population based on probabilities associated with sample data? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ validity is the degree to which the judgments you reach about relationships in your data are reasonable. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conclusion and internal validity are both concerned with the issue of whether a relationship exists, but internal validity is also related to the ________ nature of the relationship: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Fishing" in data analysis is problematic because: |
|
Definition
| Type I errors are more likely |
|
|
Term
| The problem of not seeing a relationship in the data when it is in fact there (missing the needle in the haystack) is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are elements of statistical power, except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I error rate is the same as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a researcher concludes that missing data is "nonignorable", the researcher has determined that: |
|
Definition
| the pattern of missing data is not random |
|
|
Term
| A _______ is a single number ranging from -1 to + 1 that describes the degree of relationship between two variables. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ means translation of raw data into a form that represents the original data in summary, indexed, graphic, or other coded form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The method of constant comparative analysis is typical of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grounded theory makes use of __________ in data analysis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In content analysis, the step in which the researcher usually identifies and apply the rules that are used to divide each text into segments or ''chunks'' is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about content analysis? |
|
Definition
| Content analysis is subject to certain limits, including publication bias. |
|
|
Term
| The best program for computer-assisted qualitative data analysis is: |
|
Definition
| It is not possible to choose one program as superior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides an overall way of thinking about the integration of qualitative and quantitative analysis |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would not be considered appropriate data for qualitative analysis? |
|
Definition
a) Documents
b) Films
c) Poems
d) All of these might be considered appropriate for qualitative analysis. |
|
|
Term
| Theoretical saturation is a step in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most inferential statistics come from a general family of statistical models known as the____________: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In regression analysis, we can use a ________ variable to represent categorical variables like subgroups. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ___ t-test is employed when we want to examine the differences in _______ between _________ groups. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formula for the t-test includes the mean difference between groups in the numerator and the ____________ in the denominator. |
|
Definition
| standard error of the difference |
|
|
Term
| The number of degrees of freedom in a t-test is a function of: |
|
Definition
| the number of participants (the N) |
|
|
Term
| The __________ of the regression line shows the magnitude or difference or relationship between variables. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In analysis of variance terms, a/an _________ effect suggests that differences between groups are consistent (or linear), while a/an ________ effect means that the differences between groups are not consistent (not linear). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The least squares criterion means: |
|
Definition
| the difference between the observations and the best fitting regression line is minimized |
|
|
Term
| An _________ specified model provides the most accurate and efficient estimate of a treatment effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Propensity score analysis: |
|
Definition
a) Is useful in quasi-experimental designs to increase the strength of causal inference
b) Includes information about the nature of pre-existing groups in nonequivalent groups designs
c) Can be used to produce more accurate estimates of treatment effects
d) All of the above are true of propensity score analysis |
|
|
Term
| The guide to writing and publishing in the social and behavioral sciences education is: |
|
Definition
| Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th Edition |
|
|
Term
| Glaser, the well known qualitative methodologist, advised that good writing has which of the following qualities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The graphic display that shows the overall design and flow of a study is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among distribution media, an example of a digital repository for research is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the key elements of the schema model developed by the CONSORT group is: |
|
Definition
| The number and reasons that participants did not complete the study |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about an abstract? |
|
Definition
| The abstract concisely summarizes the entire study |
|
|
Term
| The Methods section of a research report should include: |
|
Definition
| The sample, measures, design and procedures |
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Term
| What would be wrong with the following sentence in the introduction to a research report: "I feel very strongly about this topic because I have been affected personally." |
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Definition
| It is an emotional statement rather than a scientific statement |
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Term
| Which of the following would be a good idea before submitting a manuscript for publication? |
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Definition
a) Spell-checking the document
b) Have a colleague or two review the paper
c) Utilize a checklist to be sure that the report is complete
d) All of the above would be good ideas |
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Term
| ________ writing is more typical of _________-oriented journals. |
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Definition
| a) Objective, qualitatively and quantitatively |
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Term
| Evolutionary epistemology is the idea that our _______________ evolve(s) according to the same principles that describe the evolution of all life |
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Definition
| Knowledge about the world |
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Term
| The ________ model is an example of the link between research and practice. |
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Definition
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Term
| Evidence-based practice evolved from several early roots in the United States, including: |
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Definition
| The US Department of Agriculture |
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Term
| _________ evaluations strengthen or improve the object being evaluated; they help form it by examining the delivery of the program or technology, the quality of its implementation, and the assessment of the organizational context, personnel, procedures, inputs, and so on. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would typically not be considered a form of summative evaluation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following practices have been recommended to help improve on the reporting of statistical results? |
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Definition
a) Report effect sizes
b) Report confidence intervals
c) Include consideration of practical and clinical significance
d) All of the above |
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Term
| ___________is a signal-to-noise ratio that expresses the size of a relationship or a difference in a standardized way. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________ allows the reader to know the likely upper and lower bounds of the estimated effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the ways that researchers can get an idea of clinical or practical significance when planning a study? |
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Definition
a) pilot data
b) prior published studies
c) expert judgment
d) all of the above |
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Term
| Sackett's model was developed to do what in the field of medicine? |
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Definition
| Provide systematic steps for conduct of evidence-based practice |
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