Term
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Definition
1. to describe behavior
2. to predict behavior
3. to determine causes of behavior
4. to understand behavior |
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Definition
| theory ---> specific predictions |
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Definition
- determinism - lawfulness in nature
- empiricism - making observations
- parsimony - simplest solution is usally accepted
- testability - theories should be testable and falsifiable
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| Parts of a Research Article |
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Definition
1. abstract
2. introduction
3. methods
4. results
5. discussion |
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| Three Basic Ethical Principles |
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Definition
1. Beneficience - Assessment of Risks and Benefits
2. Respect for Persons (autonomy) - Informed Consent
3. Justice - Selection of Participants |
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Definition
| no risk, must still submit to IRB, anything with anonymity |
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Definition
| risks of harm no greater than daily life or routine tets |
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Definition
| any stress, invasion of privacy, full IRB review |
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Definition
| characteristics of situation or environment |
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Definition
| responses or behaviors of individuals |
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| Participant/subject variable |
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Definition
| differences in individuals |
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Definition
| psychological processes that mediate effects on variable |
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Definition
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| Three Required Elements of Causality |
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Definition
1. temporal precedence
2. covariation between variables
3. eliminate plausible alternative explanations |
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Term
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Definition
1. Construct
2. Internal
3. External
4. Conclusion |
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Definition
| adequacy of the operational definition of the variable |
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Definition
| ability to draw conclusions about causual relationships |
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Definition
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Definition
| extent to which conclusion about relationship between variables are reasonable |
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Definition
| consistency or stability of measure |
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Definition
| degree to which independent raters agree on an observation |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which all specific items of a measure behave the same way |
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Term
| Types of Construct Validity |
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Definition
1. Face
2. Predictive
3. Concurrent
4. Convergent
5. Discriminant |
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Term
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Definition
| does it look like it measures what it appears to |
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Definition
| is measure associated with variables it should predict |
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Definition
| does measure differ between groups it ought to |
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| is measure associated with established measures of the same construct |
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Definition
| is measure not associated with measures of other constructs |
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Definition
| no numerical or quantitative ... categories |
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Definition
| rank order the levels of the variable |
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Definition
| difference between numbers on the scale is meaningful |
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Definition
| careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting .. a coding system must be developed |
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Definition
| information on rare, unusual, noteworthy condition .. cannot identify causes |
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Definition
| tendency to respond to all questions from a particular perspective rather than provide direct answers |
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Definition
| requires a mark along a continuous 100-milimeter line anchored with descriptions |
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Term
| semantic differential scale |
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Definition
| meausre of the meaning of concepts where people rate on a series of bipolar adjectives using 7-point scales |
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Term
| Types of Probability Sampling |
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Definition
1. simple random
2. stratified random
3. cluster |
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Term
| Types of Nonprobability Sampling |
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Definition
1. haphazard sampling
2. purposive sampling
3. quota sampling |
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Term
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Definition
| every member of population has equal chance |
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Term
| stratified random sampling |
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Definition
| population divided into subgroups and then random sampling from each group |
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Definition
| clusters of individuals identified and then an entire cluster is part of the sample |
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Definition
| gather from a convenient time or location |
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| sample of people who meet predetermined criteria |
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| choose to reflect the numerial composition of various subgroups (stratified w/ no random) |
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Definition
| actual population of individuals from which a random sample will be drawn |
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Definition
| varies along with the IV makes it impossible to determine which is responsible for the observed effect |
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Term
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Definition
| solely measure the effect of the IV on the DV ... must make sure to eliminate selection differences |
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Term
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Definition
| differences in the type of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design |
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Definition
| makes it possible to determine if the groups were in fact equivalent in the beginning |
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Term
| independent groups design |
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Definition
| participants randomly assigned so that they participate in only one group |
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Term
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Definition
| each participant is measured after receiving each level of the IV |
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Definition
| method of controlling for order effects by either including all orders of treatment presentation or randomly determining the order for each subject |
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Term
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Definition
| first match on a participant characteristic and then randomly assign to only one level of the IV |
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Term
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Definition
| the IV appears to have no effect because the task is too easy |
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Term
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Definition
| task is so difficult that hardly anyone can perform well |
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Definition
| any feature of an experiment that might inform the particpants of the purpose of the study |
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Definition
| designs that have more than one independent variable .. all levels of each IV are combined |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect each IV has by itself |
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| when the effect of one IV depends on the particular level of another |
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Definition
| investigates how different types of participants respond to the same manipulated variable |
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Definition
| influences the relationship between two other variables in a factorial design |
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Definition
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| when accept the null but the research is actually true |
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Definition
| reject the null but the null is actually true |
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Term
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Definition
| group difference / within group variability |
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Term
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Definition
| total # of participants - # of groups |
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