Term
| Which medical gases support combustion |
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Definition
| "Helium, Oxygen, Air, Nitrous oxide, Nitric oxide, Heliox (He/O2), CO2, " |
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Term
| Which gases are nonflammable |
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Definition
| "nitrogen (N), Helium (He), Carbon dioxide" |
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Term
| How is water content removed from medical air |
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Definition
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Term
| What is DOTC and ICC folowed by on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder |
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Definition
| (Interstate commerce commission) followed by cylinder classification such as 3A or 3AA and normal filling pressure in pounds per square inch |
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Term
| What is below DOT and ICC on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder |
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Definition
| "letter size of the cylinder (E, G, etc)" |
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Term
| WHat is on the third line below DOT and ICC on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder |
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Definition
| mark of ownership followed by stamp or mark identifying inspecting authority |
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Term
| WHat is on the opposite side of a compressed gas cylinder |
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Definition
| an abbreviation indicating the method of cylinder manufacture and information regarding the original safety test and dates of all subsequent tests |
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Term
| "What does the notation ""EE"" followed by a # indicate on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder" |
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Definition
| the elastic expansion of the cylinder in cubic centimeters under test conditions |
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Term
| What does an asterik next to the test date on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder indicate |
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Definition
| DOT approval for 10-year testing |
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Term
| what does a plus sign next to the test date on the shoulder of a compressed gas cylinder indicate |
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Definition
| the cylinder is approved for filling to 10% above its service pressure |
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Term
| What is something about compressed gas cylinders regarding coding |
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Definition
| it's color coded and labeled |
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Term
| How is duration of flow calculated from an H cylinder of oxygen |
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Definition
| duration of flow (min) = 3.14 (factor for H cylinder) * pressure/flow. Note that the factors for: G cylinder is 2.41; E is 0.28 and D is 0.16 |
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Term
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Definition
| standards for threaded high-pressure connections between large compressed gas cylinders and their attachments |
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Term
| What are the large compressed gas cylinders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pin indexing applies to valve outlets of small cylinders up to and including E. |
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Term
| What type of connection is used for PISS |
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Definition
| "yoke type where the upper yoke fits over the lower valve stem. Two pins, projecting from the inner surface of the yoke connector, mate with two pinholes bored into the valve stem. Proper pin position aligns the small receiving nipple of the hyoke with the recessed cylinder valve outlet" |
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Term
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Definition
| "ASS and PISS provide standards for high pressure connections between cylinders and equipment, the DISS was established to prevent accidental interchange of low pressure (less than 200 psig) medical gas connectors. " |
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Term
| Where are DISS connections typically found |
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Definition
| "at the outlets of pressure-reducing valves attached to cylinders, at the station outlets of central piping systems and at the inlets of blenders, flowmeters, ventilators, and other pneumatic equipment" |
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Term
| WHat does the DISS system consist of |
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Definition
| "externally threaded body and a mated nipple w/ a nut. as the two parts are joined, the shoulders of the nipple and the bores of the body mate and the union is held tgether by a hand-tightened hex nut. indexing is achieved by varying the dimensions of the borings and shoulders" |
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Term
| "An intubated mechanically ventilated patient is using an HME and starts to develop thick, tenacious secretions. what action should be taken?" |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat happens when a bourdon gauge encounters back-pressure resistence |
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Definition
| (bourdon gauge is a flowmeter device that is used in combination with an adjustable pressure-reducing valve). The pressure difference across the orifice and actual output flow decrease. the bourdon gauge flow reading depends on upstream pressure which stays constant. the gauge reading would be falsely higher than the actual delivered flow because it measures upstream pressure. the gauge registers flow even when the outlet is completely blocked |
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Term
| Why is oxygen monitored closedly with COPD patients |
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Definition
| "COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia ventilate less. Patients hypoventilate when given oxygen because of suppression of the hypoxic drive. Normal response to PCO2 is blunted. The primary stimulus to breathe being lack of O2 as sensed by peripheral chemoreceptors. The increase in O2 levels supresses chemoreceptors, depresses ventilatory drive, and elveates PCO2. High blood oxygen levels may disrupt the normal V/Q balance and cuse an increase in dead space to Vt ratio and an increase in PaCo2" |
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Term
| What action would you take when removing a flowmeter from the wall outlet and there is a sudden massive gas leak |
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Definition
| "try to reinsert and pull back out again due to a valve not properly closing. If this doesn't work, leave in the wall until it can be fixed" |
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Term
| What are the advantages of a SVN vs MDI |
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Definition
| "less patient coordination required, high doses possible, no CFC release" |
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Term
| what are some disadvantages of MDI vs SVN |
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Definition
| "Pt coordination required, Pt activation required, high percentage of pharyneal deposition, risk of abuse, difficult to deliver high doses, not all meds are available, most units still use ozone-depleting CFCs." |
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Term
| "How is total flow from an air entrainment calculated. EX. 50% O2, 15L/min" |
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Definition
| liters air/liters )2 = (100-%02)/(%02-21) ex. ansser is 41L/min |
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Term
| What are the clincial signs/indications of hypoxemia (abnormal deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood) |
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Definition
| "PaO2<60 mmHg or Sao2 <90% on room air; PaOc of SaO2 below desirable range for clinical situation; also, tachypnea - tachycardia - cyanosis, distressed overall appearance." |
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Term
| What is retinopathy of preamturity |
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Definition
| abnormal eye condition occurs in some premature or low-birth weight infants who receive supplemental oxygen. An excessive blood oxygen level causes retinal vasoconstriction which leads to necrosis of blood vessels. |
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Term
| "with retinopathy of prematurity, what happens in response to necrosis of blood vessels" |
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Definition
| new vessels form and increase in number. Hemmorhage of these delicate new vessels causes scarring behind the retina. |
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Term
| "in retinopathy of prematurity, what does scarring behind the retina often lead to" |
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Definition
| detachment and blindness. |
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Term
| Who does ROP affect most often |
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Definition
| "neonates up to approx. one month of age, by which time the retinal arteries have sufficienty matured" |
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Term
| What is Bernoulli's principle |
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Definition
| fluid's lateral pressure varies inversely with velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| total gas pressure = sum of partial pressures |
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Term
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Definition
| rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its gram molecular weight |
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Term
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Definition
| solubility of a gas in liquid is proportion to its pressure if temp is constant and the gas does not react with the liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and is the therapeutic use of oxygen at pressures greater than 1 atm. Pressures during HBO therapy usually are expressed in multiples of atmopheric pressure absolute (ATA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What pressures are more HBO therapy conducted at |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physiologic effects of HBO therapy |
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Definition
| "bubble reduction (boyle's law), hyperoxygenation of blood and tissue (henry's law), vasoconstriction, enhanced host immune function, neovascularizatoiin" |
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Term
| What acute conditions benefit from HBO therapy |
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Definition
| "decompression sickness, air or gas embolism, carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning, acute traumatic ischemi, crush injuries and limb suturing, clostridial gangrene, necrotizing soft tissue infection, ischemic skin graft or flap" |
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Term
| What are some chronic conditions that benefit from HBO therapy |
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Definition
| "diabetic wounds of lower extrmeties and other non-healing wounds, refractory osteomyelitis, actinomyosis (chronic systemic abscesses), Radiation necrosis (as an adjunct to conventional treatment)" |
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Term
| Nitric oxide is used primarily for what purpose? |
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Definition
| To treat neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure with associated pulmonary hypertension. |
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Term
| "what are some potential, but currently not used uses for inhaled NO" |
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Definition
| "ARDS, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, pulmonary hypertension follwing cardiac surgery, cardiac transplantation, acute pulmonary embolism, COPD, congental diaphragmatic hernia, sickle cell disease, testing pulmonary vascular responsiveness" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of method is used to create aerosol in a USN |
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Definition
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Term
| USN - how does the crystal transducer create aerosol |
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Definition
| "converts radio waves into high-frequency mechanical vibrations(sound). these virbrations are transmitted t aliquid surface wher ethe intense mechanical energy creates a cavitation in the liquid, forming a standing wave or geyser which sheds aerosol droplets. vibrational energy is transmitted either indirectly through a water-filled couplant reservoir or directly to a solution chamber. Gas entering the chamber inlet picks up the aerosol particles and exits through the chamber outlet" |
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Term
| What do the properties of the ultrasonic signal in a USN signal determine |
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Definition
| the characteristics of the aerosol generated by these nebulizers. |
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Term
| what does the frequenchy of the USN signal determine |
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Definition
| determines aerosol particle size which is inversely proportional to signal frequency |
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Term
| WHat does signal amplitude of USN signal determine |
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Definition
| "ignal aplitude directly affects the amount of aerosol produced. the greater the amplitude the greater the volume of aerosol output. Unlike frequency, signal amplitude may be adjusted by the clinician" |
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Term
| What is the treatment for laryngitis or croup |
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Definition
| cool mist nebulizer - mist tent |
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Term
| what are the indications for the use of humidity therapy |
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Definition
| "primary: humidifying dry medical gases, overcoming the humidity deficit created when the upper airway is bypassed. Secondary: managing hypothermia, treating bronchospasm caused by cold air" |
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Term
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Definition
| "special-purpose large-volume nebulizer. used especially for the administration of ribavirinto infants with respiratory synctial virus infection. it incorporates a drying chamber with its own flow control to produce a stable aerosol. it reduces medical gas source from teh normal 50 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) line pressure to as low as 26 psig with an adjustable regulator. used to treat infants with RSV, respiratory synctial virus treated ribaririn" |
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Term
| what does one cubic foot of liquid oxygen equal |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat devices are capable of delivering 100% relative humidity at BTPS |
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Definition
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