Term
| What can cause menstrual irregularity? |
|
Definition
Anovulatory cycles
Tumors
Polyps
Cysts |
|
|
Term
| What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding? |
|
Definition
| Heavy or irregular bleeding without disease |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can occur during perimenopause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women? |
|
Definition
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of PCOS? |
|
Definition
-Anovulation
-Elevated testosterone levels
-Dysfunctional bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What is PCOS associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can involve any organ of the reproductive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of fallopian tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of ovaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Migrate from vagina to upper genital tract |
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of vagina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of cerix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do benign ovarian cysts frequently occur? |
|
Definition
| During reproductive years |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Benign Ovarian Cysts are usually bilateral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do benign ovarian cysts form? |
|
Definition
| one or more follicles are stimulated but no dominant follicle develops and reaches maturity |
|
|
Term
| Different types of benign ovarian cysts? |
|
Definition
Follicular cysts
Corpus luteum cysts
Dermoid cysts |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for uterine fibroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of tumors are leiomyomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do leiomyomas occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do leiomyomas cause? |
|
Definition
Abnormal bleeding
Pain
Symptoms related to pressure on nearby structures |
|
|
Term
| Endometriosis is a presence of? |
|
Definition
| Functioning endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus |
|
|
Term
| What test do you perform to look for cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What STD commonly causes cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
| HPV (usually asymptomatic) |
|
|
Term
| What is an enlargement of the prostate gland? |
|
Definition
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of BPH associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of BPH? |
|
Definition
Urge to urinate often
Delay in start of urination
Decreased force of stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Digital rectal exams
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common male cancer in US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
Dietary factors
Hormones
Vasectomy
Familial factors – genetic predisposition |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Prostate cancer is asymptomatic until advanced stages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of carcinomas are prostate neoplasms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of infection is gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) |
|
|
Term
| What does transmission of gonorrhea usually require? |
|
Definition
| Contact of epithelial surfaces |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Gonorrhea does not cross amniotic membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are the only natural hosts of gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does gonorrhea spread? |
|
Definition
| Microorganisms attach to epithelial cells of mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
| What are common sites of gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
Endocervical canal - inner portion of the cervix
Urethra
Skene and/or Bartholin glands
Oral (pharynx) |
|
|
Term
| Syphilis are what types of infection? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial (Treponema pallidum) |
|
|
Term
| What shape is syphilis organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Syphilis is an anaerobic bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What body tissue can syphilis infect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of disease does syphilis become shortly after infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How early can maternal-fetal transmission occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of manifestations are in primary syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in primary syphilis? |
|
Definition
-Granulomatous tissue reaction—hard chance
-Microorganisms drain with the lymphatic fluid |
|
|
Term
| What type of manifestations are in secondary syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis? |
|
Definition
| Fever, malaise, sore throat, hoarseness, anorexia, joint pain, skin rash, and lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medical evidence of the infection, but patient is asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| What is tertiary syphilis? |
|
Definition
Most severe stage
-Destructive skin, bone, and soft tissue lesions
-Neurosyphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is chlamydia caused by? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis) |
|
|
Term
| What type of growth cycle is in chlamydia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 parts of growth cycle in chlamydia? |
|
Definition
Elementary body
Metabolically active parasite |
|
|
Term
| What is an elementary body in chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| small, resilient, metabolically inert, with ability to survive extracellularly |
|
|
Term
| What is lymphogranuloma venereum? |
|
Definition
| Chronic STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
|
Term
| What is the progression of lymphogranuloma venereum? |
|
Definition
Begins as a skin lesion
-Spreads to genital and rectal lymphatic tissue
-Inflammation, necrosis, abscesses, and infections |
|
|
Term
| What can lymphogranuloma venereum spread to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of herpes? |
|
Definition
| Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 |
|
|
Term
| How is herpes transmitted? |
|
Definition
| through contact with person shedding the virus in a secretion or a peripheral lesion or mucosal surface |
|
|
Term
| What type of herpes virus is genital herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does herpes spread through body? |
|
Definition
-Initial virus replication occurs locally
-Spreads to contiguous cells and into sensory nerves
-Virus is transported to the dorsal root |
|
|
Term
| Herpes virus will lie dormant until what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does oral herpes infection reside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does genital herpes infection reside? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal sacral nerve roots |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells are affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High-risk and low-risk stereotypes for cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for condylomata acuminata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is treatment for HPV? |
|
Definition
Considered cosmetic
Not curative |
|
|
Term
| What type of infection is trichomoniasis? |
|
Definition
| Parasitic infection (T. vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| What happens in trichomoniasis? |
|
Definition
| Adheres and damages squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What parts of body will trichomoniasis affect? |
|
Definition
| Urethra, vagina, Skene and Bartholin glands |
|
|
Term
| What does trichomoniasis cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does trichomoniasis often coexist with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you confirm presence of trichomoniasis? |
|
Definition
| Microscopic examination fo vaginal secretions or urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adult female itch mite (sarcoptes scabiei |
|
|
Term
| What is classic symptom of scabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for pediculosis pubis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is pediculosis pubis spread? |
|
Definition
Sexual contact
Contact with infected bed linenes or clothing |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of crabs? |
|
Definition
| Mild to severe itching, allergic sensitization, and secondary infections from scratching |
|
|
