Term
| What is the average onset of puberty for girls? |
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Definition
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Term
| What triggers the stimulation of FSH and LH? |
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Definition
| Rising levels of GnRH (stimulating anterior pituitary) |
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Term
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Definition
| The development of breasts. |
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Term
| What occurs when FSH stimulates follicles to secrete estrogen and progesteterone? |
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Definition
| The 2nd sex organs go for maturation and there is an increase in height and the width of the pelvis. (Preparing uterus for pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of pubic and axillary, apocrine and sebacious glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the first menstrual period (age 12) |
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Term
| What is the average age of menopause |
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Definition
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Term
| What does age related depletion of follicles lead to? |
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Definition
| Less secretion of estrogen and progesterone. |
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Term
| What is the result of the post-menopause depletion of homrones? |
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Definition
Atrophy of uterus, vagina and breasts
Skin becomes thinner
Bone mass declines
Risk of cardiovascular disease increases
Hot flashes occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| A low dose of estrogen and progesterone therapy. |
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Term
| What is the definition of the reproductive cycle. |
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Definition
| Events occurring between fertilization and birth. |
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Term
| What is the sexual cycle? |
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Definition
| Events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur. |
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Term
| What is the ovarian cycle? |
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Definition
| Events occurring in the ovaries |
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Term
| What is the definition of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| It is the parallel changes in the uterus. |
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Term
| Name the series that leads to the embryonic develop of the ovary? |
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Definition
Female germ cells arise from the yolk sack of the embryo?
They different into oogonia and multiply in number
They transform into primary oocytes (eggs), which is early meiosis I.
Most degenerate (atresia) by the time they reach childhood. |
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Term
| For females, at the time of puberty, how many oocytes remain? |
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Definition
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Term
| FSH stimulates the completetion of what? |
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Definition
| The completion of meiosis I. which produces the secondary oocyte and the 1st polar body. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is half of the diploid. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When FSH stimulates completion of meiosis I what occurs? |
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Definition
| It produces the secondary oocytes and the 1st polar body |
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Term
| How long is the average sexual cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the homone cycle hierarchy of control? |
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Definition
| The hypothalamus to the pituitary to the ovaries to the uterus. |
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Term
| What occurs during the Follicular phase? |
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Definition
| Takes place during two weeks. Menstruation occurs during the first 3-5 days of cycle. The uterus replaces lost endometrium and follicles grow. |
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Term
| What occurs during the postovulatory phase? |
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Definition
| 2 weeks long. The corpus luteum stimulates endometrial thickening which is lost if pregnancy does not occur. |
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Term
| What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle? |
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Definition
1. Follicular
2. Menstrual phase
3. Preovulatory phase. |
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Term
| What is the Luteal phase? |
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Definition
| The corpus luteum forms ruptured follicle under direction of Luteinizing hormone. |
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Term
| What is the proliferative phase? |
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Definition
| It is the time of rebuilding of endometrial tissue lost at last menstruation-- mitosis occurs at stratum basalis. |
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Term
| What is the Secretory Phase? |
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Definition
| It is the further thickening of endometrium due to secretion and fluid accumulation. |
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Term
| What happens during the premenstrual phase? |
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Definition
| Progesterone level falls due to atrophy of hte corpus luteum and spiral arteries constricting which cause endometrial ischemia. The pools of blood accumulate in the stratum functionalis. |
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Term
| The Menstrual phase- what happens? |
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Definition
| Blood and serous fluid and endometrial tissue are all discharged. |
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Term
| How long does gestation last? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the hormones of pregnancy? |
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Definition
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) which comes about after 9 days of conception.
AND
Estrogens.
AND Progesterone. |
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Term
| How much does the mother's blood volume rise? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How much does cardiac output rise by 27 weeks? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much doees minute respiratory ventilation rise? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does ischemia of myometrium refer to? |
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Definition
| It is the pain of labor due to the stretching of the cervix, vagina, and perineum. |
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Term
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Definition
| First 6 weeks after delivery. In which the mom's uterus tries to recover (involution). |
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Term
| Ejection of milk from the mammary glands is what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is Lactation due to? |
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Definition
| Estrogen during pregnancy and progesterone. |
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Term
| What is the colostrum and breast milk synthesized by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sex cells that must meet and combine. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary sex organs? |
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Definition
| Gonads, organs that produce gametes; testes and ovaries. |
|
|
Term
| What are the secondary sex organs? |
|
Definition
Males: ducts, glands and the penis.
Females: uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina. |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes have? |
|
Definition
| 23 pairs of chromosomes; 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes. |
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Term
| What are the external genitalia of men and what do they occupy? |
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Definition
| nThe scrotum and the penis and they occupy the perineum. |
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Term
| In males, what is the inferior entrance? |
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Definition
| The external inguinal ring. |
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Term
| In males what is the superior exit? |
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Definition
| The internal inguinal ring. |
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|
Term
| What is an inguinal hernia? |
|
Definition
| A protrusion of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The combined endocrine and exocrine glands that produce sex hormones and sperm. |
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Term
| What is the vas deferens? |
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Definition
| It is a muscular tube that passes upward from the scrotum, travels through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity. |
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Term
| What is the ejaculatory duct? |
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Definition
| That is where the vas deferns and the duct of the seminal vesicle meet and form a short duct which passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra (in detail here). |
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Term
| What are the three sets of accessory glands in the male reproductive system? |
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Definition
| The seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the cowper or bulbourethral glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the penis? |
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Definition
| To deposit semen in the vagina. |
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|
Term
| The penis consists of three cylindrical bodies called: |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Period from the onset of gonadtropin secretion and reproductive development until reaching full height. |
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Term
|
Definition
| First few years of adolescence until the first menstrual period in girls or ejaculation with viable sperm in boys. |
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|
Term
| What does LH stimulate in sertoli cells? |
|
Definition
| The secretion of androgen binding proteins (ABP) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stimulate growth of sex organs, bursts of generalized body growth, stimulation of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, and acne, as well as awakening libidos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double stranded chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Haploid, unpaired chromosomes. |
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|
Term
| What does frinogen cause semen to do? |
|
Definition
| It causes it to clot. And clotting enzymes convert firbinogen to firbin . |
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Term
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Definition
| dissolves firbrin and liquefies semen to liberate it from the clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate peristaltic contractions in the female reproductive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| a base for giving semen a pH of about 7.4 |
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|
Term
| Ejaculation occurs in two stages: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Primordial germ cells are: |
|
Definition
| Cells destined to become sperm or spermatogonia. |
|
|
Term
| Primary spermatocytes become |
|
Definition
| secondary spermatocytes which undergoes meiosis II. |
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Term
|
Definition
| they stimulate peristaltic contractions of the female reproductive tract. |
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