Term
| (lecture) what are the gonads in males and females? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) gonads produce sex cells called _______ that secrete ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) why do we call it gametes? |
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Definition
| they have half of the genetic material, they produce 23 chromosomes |
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Term
| (lecture) when the sperm hits the egg, we call this? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) x and x chromosomes produce? and x and y produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture)what are the sex hormones in males and females? |
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Definition
| androgen and estrogen, progesterone |
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Term
| (lecture) what is the sex hormones role? |
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Definition
| sexual drives, development, growth are all linked to these hormones |
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Term
| (lecture) sperm is produced in the ______ |
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Definition
| semineferous tubule(tiny little tubes) |
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Term
| (lecture) when sperms mature, they lose what type of activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) what is the pathway of sperm delivery from semeniferous tubule to urethra |
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Definition
| semeniferous tubule, go to epidedymis, vas deferes, ejaculatory duct, and finally urethra |
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Term
| (lecture) which accesory glands that help sperm production |
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Definition
| semincle vesicle, prostate glands, and bulbourethral gland because collectively they make semen |
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Term
| (lecture) urethra conveys urine and semen at the same time, true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) what does the structure of the sperm contain? head, tail? |
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Definition
| head contains the genetic information |
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Term
| (lecture) what does the tip of the sperm contain and its function? |
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Definition
| acrosome. contains digestive enzymes and helps with penetration in the digestining zone of pellucida |
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Term
| (lecture) what does the midpiece of the sperm contain? and explain the importance |
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Definition
| a lot of mitochondria which is important to move microtubules (flagella or tail part) and allowing the sperm to move from atp |
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Term
| (lecture) the vas deferens( or ductus deferens) use what type of contraction to move the sperm? |
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Definition
| peristalisis because they have smooth muscle |
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Term
| Sperm and seminal fluid mix in the |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) how do know a person has prostatic cancer? |
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Definition
| enlargement of the prostate gland or high image technology or analyzing the blood(prostatic specific antigen) |
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Term
| (lecture) inability to maintain an erection is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) how does nitric oxide help maintain an erection? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) whats the danger of using nitric oxide supplements with heart problems |
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Definition
| because if blood flows to the penis, it decreases blood flow to other areas in the body |
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Term
| (lecture) how many degrees does the scrotum produce compared to the body core temperature? and why |
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Definition
| 3 degrees less than then the body core temperature and because for sperm production(if temperature too high or too low will affect sperm count) |
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Term
| (lecture) why is the interstitial cells in the semenifrous tubules important? |
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Definition
| produce androgen or testoserone |
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Term
| (lecture) epidedymis has stereocilia that |
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Definition
| absorb testicular fluid and pass nutrients so sperms can become mature |
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Term
| (lecture) what is vasectomy? |
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Definition
| vas deferens is cut and tied up, and now there is no way to exit, sperm gets trapped, macrophages engluf and destory em or run out of nutrients and get degraded. effective for birth controls |
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Term
| (lecture) what is the content of the semen? |
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Definition
| 60 to 65 percent produced by the semincle vessicles are rich in fructose(energy). |
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Term
| (lecture) what does the prostate gland produce? |
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Definition
| dougnut shaped mily slightly acidic fluid that has certain enzymes. role of activation of the sperm. |
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Term
| (lecture) what is the function of bulbourethral gland? |
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Definition
| neutralizing the acidic conditions to not kill the sperms |
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Term
| (lecture) what is the process of prostagladins? |
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Definition
| decrease the viscosity of mucous in the cervix, facilitate the movement through the female reproductive tract |
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Term
| (lecture) how much sperm is generally produced and how much is secreted when ejaculated? |
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Definition
| 50-130 million sperm/ml and 2-5 ml of semen secreted |
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Term
| (lecture) how is nitric oxide released? |
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Definition
| from the PNS system of the body |
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Term
| (lecture)explain spermatogenesis |
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Definition
| it means developement of the sperm around puberty in teh testes, |
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Term
| (lecture) whats the difference between diploid and haploid |
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Definition
| diplod is the full set of chromosomes whereas haploid is half of the genetic material |
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Term
| (lecture)why is that not all the sperms can hit the eggs? but only one? |
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Definition
| because of electrical signals , chemical signals prevent other sperms to come in and digest . polyspermy cant happen but a monospermy can. |
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Term
| Lecture) what is Gonadotropins?GNRH |
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Definition
| produce by the hypothalumus, help to release hormone from anterior pituitary gland ( Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating) |
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Term
| Lecture) what does the Luteinizing and Follicle hormones do? |
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Definition
| they stimulate the testes and give negative feedback. also Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates sperm production |
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Term
| Lecture ) what is androgen binding protein? ABP |
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Definition
| they help out with protein to bind with androgen from interstitial cells which helps with spermagenesis |
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Term
| lecture) if the person has high sperm count, what happens? |
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Definition
| inhibin is a hormone that inhibit grnh, lh, fsh, less testosterone, and less sperm |
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Term
| lecture) what happens if person has low sperm count? |
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Definition
| no negative feedback, grnh, lh rises and more sperm production |
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Term
| lecture) whats the negative of having too much testoserone? |
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Definition
| they exert negative feedback, too much testoserone will not help with sperm production...inhibits lh, fsh. |
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Term
| (media phys) what is the function of the cervix? |
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Definition
| to secrete mucous during menstrual cycle from thin(facilitate sperm entry) to thick (prevent sperm entry) |
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Term
| (media phys) what is the function of the uterus? |
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Definition
| its the site of implantation of the fertilized egg and where it is developing embryo is nourished and maintained. during menstrual cycle, the uterine lining goes through several phases controled by hormones |
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Term
| (media phys) what is the function of fallopian tube? |
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Definition
| they are the site of the fertilization of eggs. they contain cilia that pass the egg from the fimbrae to the uterus. |
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Term
| (media phys) what is the function of the fimbrae? |
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Definition
| they capture the egg once it has expelled from the ovaries and funnel it into the infundibilum |
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Term
| (media phys) what hormones does the ovaries produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| (media phys) what is oogenesis? |
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Definition
| it is the process where the ovaries produce eggs |
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Term
| (media phys) What are the stages of oogenesis? |
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Definition
| the first stage is the production of several million oogonia in the developing female embryo. These develop into a primary follice with granulosa cells that has a primary ooctye. the granulosa cells that secrete a fluid into the interior of the follice which is called the antrum |
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Term
| (media phys) how long does the primary oocyte and follice remain in the same form in a female? |
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Definition
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Term
| (lecture) why does the vagina produce acid like substances? and mucuous lining |
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Definition
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Term
| (slides) where are the ovary follicles embedded? |
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Definition
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Term
| (slides) what type of cells do ovaries have? |
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Definition
| granulosa(when there is two or more layers) and follicle cells(one layer) |
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Term
| (slides) what type of follicles are there? |
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Definition
| primordial - squamous like single layer, primary follice - two or more layers of granulosa cells , secondary follices - has a fluid filled space between granulosa cells, and grafian follices - the most mature follice that bulges from surface of the ovary |
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Term
| (slides) what is ovulation? |
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Definition
| ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle |
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Term
| (slides) what is corpeus luteum? |
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Definition
| the ruptured follice after ovulation |
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Term
| (slides) what happens at the site of the uterine tube? |
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Definition
| they recieve the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization. beating cilia on the fimbrae create currents to carry the oocyte into the uterine tube. the oocyte is carried toward the uteris by peristalsis and ciliary action |
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Term
| (slides) what is the uterine wall composed of? |
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Definition
| three layers - perimetrium - outermost serous layer wall, myometrium - middle layer , interlacing layers of smooth muscle, and endometrium - mucous lining of the uterine cavity |
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Term
| what is the cervical canal? |
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Definition
| it contains cervical glands that secretes a mucous that covers the cervical canal to block bacteria. |
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Term
| what is the homestasis imbalance of a uterine tube not continous with the ovaries called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of hormone does granulosa cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| at puberty, what type of hormones do the female ovaries activate? |
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Definition
| lsh(leutinizing) and fsh(follicle stimulating hormone) |
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Term
| what type of hormone does the corpeus luteum produce? |
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| how many days does the ovarian cycle last? |
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Definition
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Term
| explain each phase of the menstrual cycle. |
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Definition
| days 1-5 is the menstrual phase -uterus sheds all but the deepest part of the endometrium. days 6-14 is the proliferative phase where the endometrium rebuilds itself and days 15-28 is the secretory phase where the endometrium prepares for implantation of the embryo |
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Term
| explain the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. |
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Definition
| its the period of follicle growth(days 1-14). primordial follice becomes a primary follice. theca folluculi and granulosa cells cooperate togheter to produce estrogen, the zona pellucida forms around the oocyte, the antrum is formed , set for ovulation and the ovulation occurs when the cells rupture and expels the secondary oocyte. |
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