Term
| Which sex is considered to be the "induced" phenotype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the presence f the Y chromosome, the _____ will be induced to form a testicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ region of the Y chromosome promotes differentiation of these two cell types: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell type produces Mullerian Inhibitin Hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell type produces testosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ hormone casues mullerian ducts to regress and _____ hormone causes wolffian ducts to differentiate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The difference between true hemaphrodite and pseudo-hemaphrodite. |
|
Definition
| one or two types gonadal tissue |
|
|
Term
| when the testis detrmining region is translocated onto X during meiosis it causes a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for when a chromosomal male has feminine appearnace, male gonads, but no mullerian duct system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the defect in testicular feminization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When twins share a placenta and femal gets repro tract hypoplasia and other things from male hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common in cattle when have twins and female sterile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defines a freemartin male? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there are two cervices when there should be one |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there should be two uterine horns but only one |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this can result in vaginal, cervical, and uterine distention. Maybe all the parts dont all make a tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A luteinized cyst produces what hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These look big and nasty on top of ovaries but dont see any associated pathology. Take em out- dont know what they are till after biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a cyst on ovary that DOES cause pathology. Need to biopsy to be sure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species gets the endometrial cysts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What microbe often associated with ovarian abscess |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oophritis is really only common in these two species groups: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone can a granulosa cell tumor make: |
|
Definition
| Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen |
|
|
Term
| Why are we seeing less ovarian cystadenoma ( and many other problems) |
|
Definition
| Successful spay programom |
|
|
Term
| what hormone drives canine pyometra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zearalanone toxicosis can cause vaginal hyperplasia via increased levels of this hormone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of placenta do you want to sample in an abortion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You might see these normal "non lesions" in a horse or cow. They are just areas of squamous differentiation but look like fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pile of sludge that accumulates within aminon. Typically range from really firm to friable- some are almost like silly puddy and you can bounce em. Not a lesion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intercotyledonary space fills with these small cotyledons to compensate for fewer normal cotyledons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These lumps gonna interfere with uterine placental interface typically implies previous damage to cow uterus- occasionally in horse |
|
Definition
| Allantoic cystic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Placentas can become thickened due to mycotoxin from this plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equine placentitis can commonly be caused by this bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Necrosis and suppurative placentitis in BOTH cotyledonary and intercotyledonary areas in bovine is almost pathognomonic for this pathogen: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver with multifocal areas of necrosis in aborted lamb should make you think of two main pathogens: |
|
Definition
| Toxoplasma always ( campylobacter maybe) |
|
|
Term
| With a sheep or goat abortion your first worry is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Canine abortion with renal and hepatic hemorrhage makes one suspicious of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blue tonuge virus causes what in fetal sheep? |
|
Definition
| Internal hydrocephalus and cerebella hypoplasia |
|
|
Term
| Very worrisome to this form of mastitis but fortunately not that common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential pathogens behind granulomatous mastitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic lymphocytic mastitis in sheep can be commonly caused by this agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone involved in the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In canine mammary tumors, is it more common to them be malignant or benign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In feline mammary tumors, is it more common to them be malignant or benign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which species is cryptorchidism a dominant inherited trait? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cryptorchid testicles are predisposed to what type of neoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are cryptorchid testes sterile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what species might you see a traumatic orchitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does an orchitis normally originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about a non-bacterial orchitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the neoplasia: You have a tan-white really firm testicle... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the neoplasia: testicle has more than one tumor type melding together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the neoplasia: Discrete birght yellow testicle with cysts and hemorrhage... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the neoplasia: You have a grey-white soft testicle with some small focal hemorrhages.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the neoplasia: Testicle has tumor that involves 2 or more germ layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent usually responsible for epididymitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do paraprostatic cysts originate from? |
|
Definition
| Muellerian ducts that didn't fully reress |
|
|
Term
| Imbalance of what two hormones causes prostatic hyperplasia in intact dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In prostatic squamous metaplasia, acinar epithelial cells differntiate into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostatic squamous metaplasia is secondary to increased _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostatic squamous metaplasia in ferrets with _____tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostatic squamous metaplasia in dogs with _____tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostatitis usually has ascended from____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory swelling of the prepuce which prevents extension of the penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability of penis to RETRACT back into a swollen prepuce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the glans penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the prepuce. Also called "pizzle rot" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the penis AND prepuce together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Balantopsthitis can be due to _____ in cattle and _____ in horses |
|
Definition
| BHV-1; Equine coital exanthema |
|
|
Term
| Horses can get this neoplasia in penus/prepuce area and can often be confused with Habronema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Pituitary has two different origins. The anterior hypophysis comes from ____a____ and the posterior comes from __b___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the neuronal bodies located that produce ADH and oxytocin which eventually comes out posterior hypophysis? |
|
Definition
| Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surge AND Tonic centers of hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Where are target cells for GnRH located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone type (kind of molecule) are LH and FSH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone type (kind of molecule) are GnRH and Oxytocin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone type (kind of molecule) is equine chorionic gonadotropin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a horse, equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) acts like (LH or FSH) but in many other species, behaves like (LH or FSH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ subunit is the same in all glycproteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ subunit gives a glycoprotein its specific action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While before puberty females and males have both tonic and surge centers, after puberty the ____ center disappears from males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is responsible for aromatizing testosterone to estradiol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is ultimately responsible for the destruction of surge center in male brains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha fetal protein prevents which hormone from entering the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone can enter the brain vene in face of alpha fetal protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why don't men need surge centers? |
|
Definition
| They will produce sperm all the time till day they die |
|
|
Term
| What is the "surge" hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A normal female cattle will reach puberty at roughly ___% BW |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average age of puberty bovine (months) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leptin from adipocytes might (inhibit/stimulate) GnRH production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days until CL will have prostaglandin receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About how long are cows in estrus? (hours) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a key sign a cow is in estrus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage gamete is actually ovulated by most species except dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During each follicular wave there are three stages. The first which is of small follicles goes through ____a___, the second of medium follicles goes through __b___ and the last wave of large follicles goes through ____c___ selection |
|
Definition
| a. Recruitment b. Selection c. Dominance |
|
|
Term
| In what period of development do we have the highest number of oocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melatonin release increases with increased darkness. It has a (positive/negative) effect on GnRH in horses and (positive/negative) effect in sheep. |
|
Definition
| negative horse; positive sheep |
|
|
Term
| Can you name the 9 hormones that have a role in controlling estrus? |
|
Definition
| Progesteron, LH, FSH, Melatonin, GnRH, Estradiol, Prostaglandin, Inhibin, Oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| The decreased levels of this hormone allows the dominant follicle of a given wave will go on to ovulate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior pituitary and the ____ produce oxytocin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin will induce _____ production in uterus which causes luteolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___a___ produced by the trophoblasts of the conceptus blocks oxytocin receptors in the __b___ |
|
Definition
| a. Interferon tao b. Uterus |
|
|
Term
| In the cow, PGF2a can reach the local CL of the ipsilateral side because of countercurrent exchange of __a__ arteries and __b__ veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Four Cardinal signs of preggos on rectal palpation |
|
Definition
| 1. Amniotic vesicle 2. Chorioallantoic membrane slip 3. Placentomes 4. Fetus |
|
|
Term
| How many days of gestation needed to palpate the amniotic vesicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days of gestation needed to palpate chorio-allantoic membrane slip (ipsilateral/bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days of gestation needed to palpate the fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days of gestation needed to palpate placentomes (according to NAVLE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood progesterone levels have high sensitivity and low spec for pregnancy. What then can you use this test for? |
|
Definition
| To confirm a cow is NOT pregnant |
|
|
Term
| A cow must be fresh for ___ days to prevent a false positive for Biopryn PAG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When might you get a primary persistent CL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inactive ovaries or "organic anestrus" is a problem with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Cystic Ovarian Disease (COD) the ovarian cysts are defined as anovulatory structures greater than ____ mm and persist greater than ____ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most consistent clinical sign with cystic ovarian disease (COD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx of cystic ovarian disease (COD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mounting behavior correlates well with a rise in this hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With visual estrus detection, One must observe all cows ___X daily and for ___min each time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you are using physically altered bulls for biological estrus detection. You need to do BOTH these procedures: |
|
Definition
| Epididymectomy; Altered penis |
|
|
Term
| Hormone that plays the major role in regulating estrous cycle length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrus synchronization protocols affect the lenght of the _____phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days old must a CL be for the PGF protocol for estrus synch to work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrus synch using progestins has the advantage of a better synchronization, however, a big disadvantage is: |
|
Definition
| Poor fertility at first estrus post withdrawal |
|
|
Term
The Ovsynch protocl is as follows:
Day 0 give_____
Day 7 give______
Day 9 give______
Day 10 do this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main problem with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two most common STD agents of cattle |
|
Definition
| Tritrichomonas; Campylobacter |
|
|
Term
| Once inseminated, will frsh or frozen sperm last longer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injections of what hormone are needed for superovulation in a donor cow for embryo collection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the recipient cow are ya gonna put the donated embryo???? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After boiled down, how many pregnancies can you expect to get out of one "flush" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average gestation for a cow is ___days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don't get convinced to do a c-section before __ days of gestation. Prob not cooked enough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency in what vitamin can prolong gestation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bun in oven of a cow becomes an embryo at day___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cow embryo becomes a fetus at day ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What day does baby cow move to the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If embryo dies AFTER day ____ the interestous period can be prolonged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Twins are more common in beef or dairy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone maintains environment in uterus during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more likely to be reason behind unsuccessful pregnancy in cow: Fertilization problem,early embryonic loss, or late embryonic loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After month 7 of pregnancy, what is main source of P4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Though not the most common condition seen with BVT (Bovine Venereal Tritrichomoniasis) this is pretty pathognomonic for it: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can bulls be such great asymptomatic carriers of BVT and BVC? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial crypts in prepuce: ewww |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sign you have a BVT problem? |
|
Definition
| Too many cows open and scattered |
|
|
Term
| Gold standard for Dx Tritrichomonas in bull? |
|
Definition
| 3 cultures one week apart, starting with two weeks sexual rest |
|
|
Term
| Complication of preputial scrape to dx Tritrichomonas in bull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One part of tx/ctrl BVT in a heard is to separate into two groups which are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Campylobacter in cows is not zoonotic- however it is in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do you vax cows for Campylobacter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many doses of Campylobacter vaccine do you need to give a bull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which adjuvant has evidence behind it that is works for Campylobacter vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of normal pregancies will abort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Remember: What is NOT the fate of a dead baby cow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent can cause abortion in cattle. It's reportable and zoonotic beware!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You got a third trimester abortion.... what should def be on you list? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aborted placenta has areas of necrosis/supporation in both cotyledons and intercotyledonary areas! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brucella in males almost always causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common route of fetal infection in bovine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morrocan leather PLACENTA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With an abortion work up if have fetus submit these two organs for culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might brucella vax might be dangerous to you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what age do you vax heifers in months? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What agent is number one diagnosed cause of viral abortion of cattle in north america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bovine fetus has imbibition of blood everywhere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent can cause necrotizing placentitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dont give this vaccine to pregnant naive cows! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis 1-3 days after breeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infectious balantoposthitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This infectious agent can cause abortions over the entire gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Persistent infected calves have accepted virus during secondish trimester |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Persistently infection cows always have persistenly infected calves (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most classic congenital defect of BVDV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two most common forms of uterine inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a potential sytemic sequelae of pyometra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes equine coital exanthema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zearalanone toxicosis can cause ____hypertrophy and prolapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterus in the mare should be sterile but you might take a biopsy to look for this microrganism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What histopath grade for an equine uterine biopsy is the worst? What is the chance the mare will foal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When collectin fetal samples for an abortion you want _____ contents for bacteriology and _____&_______ for virology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ingestion of what plant while pregnant can cause cylcops baby? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genus is responsible for most of the fungal abortions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When dx a fungal abortion and want to do titers- how long apart in weeks do oyu want to check them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If wait after ___ days of gestation to cause abortion, you will get the same problems from delivering mature baby. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To do proper elective abortion, you need to wait until CL is atleast ___days old. You then administer ___ ASAP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When inducing partuitions, almost all cows will have this complication: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two drugs used together for induction parturition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal number of placetomes in cow plcenta is between __-___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If fetus dies a sterile death- this is the most likely outcome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of fetal mummification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats got a better prognosis: fetal mummification or maceration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result of fetal death with regressed CL and open cervix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You rectally palpate and feel a "bag of bones" in uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of hydrops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Form of hydrops usually associated with swallowing abnorrmalities of fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When trying to save a cow with hydrops, what condition is your main concern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a possible result of hydrops and pretty much death sentence for cow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With stage four vaginal prolapse, when should you send the cow to market? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most effect method to keep from recurring vaginal prolapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which method of stitching back vaginal prolapse ABSOLUTELY requires the owner vigilantly watch the cow, and remove the stitching right before calving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fetal cortisol will cause conversion of production of Progesterone to _____ which will induce ______ production and parturition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More than ----hours for birth is considered a retained fetal membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post partum check for ____and ____ in cow! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a clockwise uterine torsion has which uterine ligament on top? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats the fastest in days a normal uterine involution takes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three assocaition with metritis ( one infectious, and two birthing complications) |
|
Definition
| T. pyogenes; Dystocia; Retiained fetal membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
