Term
| True or False: Mink are spontaneous ovulators. |
|
Definition
| False (they are induced ovulators) |
|
|
Term
| In rats, uterine priming for implantation requires... |
|
Definition
a. FSH
b. estradiol
c. progesterone
d. all of the above <--YES it's all |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mammary glands of red kangaroos secrete hi protein milk early in lactation. |
|
Definition
| True. (high protein milk early in lactation, low protein milk late in lactation) |
|
|
Term
| Embryos in diapause are located in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolactin inhibitory factor (PIF) is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause increases with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gestation length in mink is _____(how many) days. |
|
Definition
a. 42
b. 55
c. 79
d. all of the above <-- YES, all of'em |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic diapause is effective for... |
|
Definition
b. optimizing time of parturition
AND
c. optimizing survival of offspring
(b and c) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mammary glands of red kangaroos secrete hi fat milk early in lactation. |
|
Definition
| False. (The secrete low fat milk early in lactation, high fat milk late in lactation) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In red kangaroos, suckling leads to increased GnRH. |
|
Definition
| False. (Suckling leads to decreased GnRH a.k.a. LH) |
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause decreases with... |
|
Definition
| C. Discontinuous suckling |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Progesterone is required for implantation in mink. |
|
Definition
| True - Progesterone is produced by the CL and is required for implantation in general |
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause increases with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Embryonic diapause rarely occurs in mammals |
|
Definition
| False. It is pretty common (in over 100 mammals across 7 orders) |
|
|
Term
| The luteotropin in red kangaroos is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In red kangaroos suckling leads to increased GnRH |
|
Definition
| False - Suckling causes decreased GnRH and decreased Dopamine which leads to decreased LH and increased Prolactin |
|
|
Term
| Obligatory embryonic diapause occurs as.. |
|
Definition
| B. A normal part of the reproductive cycle |
|
|
Term
| Mated female rate exhibit a.. (which types of surges) |
|
Definition
| A and C: secondary surge of LH and FSH and primary surge of LH and FSH |
|
|
Term
| In mink, luteal function is dependent on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mink are spontaneous ovulators |
|
Definition
| False. They are induced ovulators |
|
|
Term
| Which months comprise the normal breeding season of mink? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which day of gestational development does arresting of the embryo occur in mink? |
|
Definition
| Day 6 - coincident with entry into the uterus |
|
|
Term
| In rats, uterine priming for implantation requires: (which hormones?) |
|
Definition
All:
a. FSH
b. estradiol
c. progesterone |
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause decreases with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mink, luteal support increases with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mink, luteal function is dependent on: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F? Mammary glands of red kangaroos secrete hi fat milk early in lactation. |
|
Definition
False
Early in lactation = Low fat & hi protein early
Later in lactation = low protein & high fat later |
|
|
Term
| Species that exhibit embryonic diapause are: |
|
Definition
All:
a. elephant seals
b. spotted skunks
c. norwegian rats |
|
|
Term
| T/F? In red kangaroos, suckling leads to increased prolactin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryos in diapause are located in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obligatory embryonic diapause occurs as: (a part of what process?) |
|
Definition
| a normal part of the reproductive cycle |
|
|
Term
| T/F? Embryonic diapause rarely occurs in mammals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryos are held in facultative diapause because |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F? Red kangaroo blastocysts are held in diapause for >200 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gestation length in mink is ______ days. |
|
Definition
All:
a. 42
b. 55
c. 79
"True Gestation" length (i.e. excluding diapause) in mink is 42 days. |
|
|
Term
| The luteotropin in red kangaroos is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolactin inhibitory factor (PIF) is.. (also known as) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The luteotropin in red kangaroos is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facultative embryonic diapause occurs as.. |
|
Definition
| A result of lactational suppression |
|
|
Term
| Embryos in diapause are located in the.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mammary glands of red kangaroos secrete hi protein milk early in lactation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause decreases with.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence of facultative diapause increases with.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mink are spontaneous ovulators. |
|
Definition
| False - They are induced ovulators |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In red kangaroos, suckling leads to increased GnRH |
|
Definition
| False - Suckling causes decreased GnRH and decreased Dopamine which leads to decreased LH and increased Prolactin |
|
|
Term
| Species that utilize facultative embryonic diapause are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| embryos held in embryonic diapause are at the ____ stage of development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryos are held in facultative diapause because |
|
Definition
| a. estrogen is not produced |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Red kangaroo blastocysts are held in diapause for >200 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species that utilize facultative embryonic diapause are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pigs are classified as having _____ placentas |
|
Definition
B. Epitheliochorial
More specifically pigs have diffuse epitheliochorial placentas. |
|
|
Term
| Equine are classified as having ____ placentas |
|
Definition
| Diffuse, epitheliochorial placentas |
|
|
Term
| Sheep, goats and cows are classified as having _____ placentas |
|
Definition
| Cotyledonary Epitheliochorial placentas |
|
|
Term
| Dogs and cats are classified as having _____ placentas |
|
Definition
| Zonary, endotheliochorial placentas |
|
|
Term
| Primates, mice and rats are classified as having _____ placentas |
|
Definition
| Discoid, Hemochorial placentas |
|
|
Term
| Precontact, apposition and adhesion occur during implantation in... |
|
Definition
C. Cattle
NOT: mice or humans |
|
|
Term
| The ____ is a temporary placental membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The primate embryo first invades the uterine endometrium when implantation occurs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ forms from the fusion of the trophectoderm with mesoderm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The embryo is required for a decidual reaction to be induced in a pseudopregnant female rat |
|
Definition
| False: Endocrine priming of the uterus is responsible for the decidual reaction, not necessarily the embryo |
|
|
Term
| The _____ increases in size as gestation progresses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues such as liver, small intestinal lining and the adrenal gland develop from the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mammalian conceptus development, the inner cell mass becomes... |
|
Definition
| The embryonic disk which then develops into the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| Tissues such as those in the circulatory system (heart, blood, lymph vessels), those of connective tissue (bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) and those in structural tissue (cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscle) develop from the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues such as the epidermis, hair, hooves and those of the nervous system develop from the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ decreases in size as gestation progresses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of the decidual reaction can include: |
|
Definition
A. Proliferation of endometrial cells
The decidual reaction results in: increased endometrial cell mitosis, increased tight junction formation between endometrial cells to create an implantation site, breakdown of endometrial blood vessels to form blood sinuses |
|
|
Term
| What leads to the hemochorial placentation in rodents? |
|
Definition
| Breakdown of endometrial blood vessels to form blood sinuses during the decidual reaction |
|
|
Term
| True or false: The embryo is required for a decidual reaction to be induced in a pseudopregnant female rat. |
|
Definition
| False. It isn't required because they do it on their own based on hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Cattle are classified as having _________ placentas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precontact, apposition and adhesion occur during implantation in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rodents have a _______ placenta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The initial cell types in an gastrulating blastocyst are... |
|
Definition
A. inner cell mass
B. trophoblast
(A&B) |
|
|
Term
| True or false : The primate embryo first invades the uterine endometrium when implantation occurs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ forms from the fusion of the trophectoderm with mesoderm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ decreases in size as gestation progresses. |
|
Definition
| yolk sac. Decreases in size. |
|
|
Term
| Deer have a _______ placenta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ is a temporary placental membrane. |
|
Definition
| yolk sac. temporary membrane. |
|
|
Term
| The synctiotrophoblast is found in embryos of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues such as somites, muscle, bones, cardiac tissue, and lymphatics develop from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Porcine embryos develop from spherical to filamentous shape in about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During gestation, the fetus resides in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues such as somites, muscle, bones, cardiac tissue, and lymphatics develop from the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F? The rodent embryo first invades the uterine endometrium when implantation occurs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Porcine embryos develop from spherical to filamentous shape in about: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cats have a _______ placenta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ increases in size as gestation progresses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic disk develops from the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cats have a ____ placenta |
|
Definition
C. Zonary
More specifically: Zonary, endotheliochorial placenta |
|
|
Term
| Canines are classified as having _____ placentas |
|
Definition
A. Endotheliochorial
More specifically: Zonary, endotheliochorial placenta |
|
|
Term
| Pigs have a _____ placenta |
|
Definition
D. Diffuse
More specifically pigs have diffuse epitheliochorial placentas |
|
|
Term
| Rodents have a _____ placenta |
|
Definition
B. Discoid
More specifically they have a discoid, Hemochorial placenta |
|
|
Term
| Once activated, a virgin B cell undergoes a primary antibody response and diffentiates into... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hCG binding to placenta has been proposed to... |
|
Definition
| A. Prevent antibody binding to trophoblast tissues and C. Prevent immune cell interaction with trophoblast tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The complement cascade results in... |
|
Definition
C. Development of a hole in the membrane of an infected cell
This then leads to lysis of the infected cell |
|
|
Term
| During gestation, the maternal immune system is suppressed by the actions of.. |
|
Definition
| B. Progesterone and C. hCG |
|
|
Term
| True or False: An individual's T-cells can be donated to another individual. |
|
Definition
| False: T-cells are "self specific" because they require the recognition of the viral antigen and the MHC Class 1 proteins of the individual's cells |
|
|
Term
| True or False: An individual's antibodies can be donated to another individual. |
|
Definition
| True. This is passive immunity. Antibodies can be passed from one body to another |
|
|
Term
| Antigen immune responses by the mammalian body include: |
|
Definition
| All of the above: A. Humoral immunity, B. blood borne immunity and C. Cellular immunity |
|
|
Term
| Pregnancies are not immunorejected because.. |
|
Definition
| All of the above: A. Trophoblast does not express certain MHC proteins, B. Immunosuppression occurs by pregnancy-associated molecules, C. pregnancy-associated molecules block placental recognition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B. Portion of a targeted protein
An epitope is a sequences of 5-8 amino acids located on the foreign molecule to which the Fab portion of an antibody binds |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between polyclonal antibody binding and a monoclonal antibody binding? |
|
Definition
| Polyclonal antibody binding involves many different antibodies present each binding to a different epitope. For monoclonal: all antibodies are from same cell type and recognize only a single type of epitope |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Population expansion in the human population has been stable for the past 1000 years. |
|
Definition
| False - Population expansion occurring at an exponential rate and growth rates are inversely correlated with educational status of the citizens |
|
|
Term
| Delivery of vaccines via bait.. |
|
Definition
C. Can result in variable vaccine titres
It can be relatively ineffective because it depends on animals eating the bait. Thus dosage and titre are major issues with baiting. |
|
|
Term
| During the past 200 years, population growth has occurred.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Moderate antibody titre levels are indicative of effective immunocontraception. |
|
Definition
| False - Individual titres vary within animals making immunocontraception difficult in animals. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Based on the data presented in lecutre, immunization of female foxes with total sperm proteins was less effective for inducing fertility reduction than immunization against a single sperm antigen. |
|
Definition
| False - Based on the data presented in lecutre, immunization of female foxes with total sperm proteins was MORE effective for inducing fertility reduction than immunization against a single sperm antigen. |
|
|
Term
| Rabbits were introduced onto the Australian continent by.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major target for female immunocontraception at the level of the ovary is.. |
|
Definition
C. ZP3
ZP3 functions as a sperm receptor making it the logical choice if immunization can be generated against ZP3 than it would be impossible for sperm to access this receptor |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Immunocontraception can be used to control behavior in captive male and female animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In developing countries, population growth over the past century has.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immunocontraception in the US is regulated by the.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T-cells that bind to an antigen-expressing cell and signal other immune cells are known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mature B cells are also known as a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once activated, a virgin B cell undergoes a primary antibody response and differentiates into: |
|
Definition
Memory cell
NOT: Plasma cell, suppressor T cell, nor NK cell |
|
|
Term
| Once, activated, B cell maturation takes about ____ day(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hCG binding to placenta has been proposed to: |
|
Definition
BOTH:
a. prevent antibody binding to trophoblast tissues
c. prevent immune cell interaction with trophoblast tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major histocompatability complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 light chains + 2 heavy chains |
|
|
Term
| By binding over the surface of a rhinovirus particle, antibodies: |
|
Definition
Block binding of the virus to a somatic cell.
ABs prevent rhinovirus binding to somatic cells and gaining entry to cellular system. This prevents further infection |
|
|
Term
| T/F? The Fc portion of antibodies contain the variable region of the heavy chain. |
|
Definition
| False. The Fc portion contain the constant region of heavy and light chain. It is the Fab region that consists of the variable regions |
|
|
Term
| Complement proteins are found in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once activated, B cell maturation takes about _____ day(s) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T-cells that bind to and destroy an antigen-expressing cell are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| c. level of antibodies in circulation |
|
|
Term
| In the mare, endometrial cup cells between days 45 and 70 of gestation do not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Immunocontraception involves the induction of antibody formation to prevent or reduce fertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
T/F
Immunocontraception of free-ranging species requires multiple immunizations for fertility reduction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use of anti-hCGbeta vaccine has met with limited success because |
|
Definition
a and c
a. the efficacy of contraception is about 80%
c. cultural barriers exist that influence vaccine use |
|
|
Term
| Free ranging deer targeted for immunocontraception must |
|
Definition
| be individually identified |
|
|
Term
| The sex of choice as a target for fertiliy control in a species that exhibits seasonal reproduction and exhibits a social hierarchy is the |
|
Definition
| c. either a male or a female |
|
|
Term
| In 2000, the world population (human) was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 light chains + 2 heavy chains |
|
|
Term
T/F
Viral proteins can be expressed on the surface of an infected cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complement proteins are found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pregnancies are not immunorejected because |
|
Definition
a. trophoblast does not express certain MHC proteins
b. immunosuppression occurs by pregnancy-associated molecules
c. pregnancy-associated molecules block placental recognition
d. all of the above
The correct answer is: all of the above |
|
|
Term
| Cells that limit the actions of other cells of the immune system are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T-cells that bind to an antigen-expressing cell and signal other immune cells are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hCG binding to placenta has been proposed to |
|
Definition
a. prevent antibody binding to trophoblast tissues
c. prevent immune cell interaction with trophoblast tissues
The correct answer is: a and c |
|
|
Term
| During gestation, the maternal immune system is suppressed by the actions of |
|
Definition
a. prostaglandins
b. progesterone
c. hCG
The correct answer is: b and c |
|
|
Term
| In 2000, the world population (human) was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Free ranging deer targeted for immunocontraception must |
|
Definition
| be individually identified |
|
|
Term
T/F
Moderate antibody titre levels are indicative of effective immunocontraception. |
|
Definition
| False. They are not indicative of effective immunocontraception. |
|
|
Term
| It is anticipated that the world population (human) will reach ______ in 2050. |
|
Definition
| The correct answer is: 10 billion |
|
|
Term
| It is anticipated that the world population (human) will reach ______ in 2050. |
|
Definition
| The correct answer is: 10 billion |
|
|
Term
| Use of anti-hCGbeta vaccine has met with limited success because |
|
Definition
a. the efficacy of contraception is about 80%
c. cultural barriers exist that influence vaccine use
The correct answer is: a and c |
|
|
Term
| In industrialized countries, population growth over the past 50 years has |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Based on data presented in lecture, immunization of female foxes with total sperm proteins was less effective for inducing fertility reduction than immunization against a single sperm antigen. |
|
Definition
| False. Immunization against a Single sperm antigen less effective than immunization with total sperm proteins. |
|
|
Term
| Anti-gonadal vaccines are considered a type of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-porcine zona pellucida vaccine is considered a type of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rabbits were introduced onto the Australian continent by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Encouraging the use of birth control or other population control methods in foreign societies is a health issue, not a political issue |
|
Definition
| False - It is a political issue in developed vs. developing countries |
|
|
Term
| True or false: The myxoma virus affects foxes |
|
Definition
| False - It caused death in rabbits when initially introduced but the mortality rate is now low because rabbits induced resistance to this virus |
|
|
Term
| Approaches to immunocontraception include: |
|
Definition
both c&d
c. anti-hormone vaccines
d. anti-gamete vaccines |
|
|
Term
| Anti-sperm membrane antigen vaccine can function to: |
|
Definition
b&c
b. block fertilization
c. reduce sperm numbers the female reproductive tract |
|
|
Term
| An anti-GnRH vaccine will: |
|
Definition
a-c
a. decrease estradiol
b. decrease testosterone
c. decrease progesterone |
|
|
Term
| About how long did it take for the rabbit population to spread throughout the Australian continent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F? Fertility reversal is possible following cessation of immunocontraception. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An anti-GnRH vaccine will |
|
Definition
a. increase LH
b. increase FSH
c. decrease prolactin
d. none of the above ← Correct |
|
|
Term
| Delivery of vaccines via dart gun... |
|
Definition
A. Is a fast and effective method
B. Creates consistent individual vaccine dosages
C. Requires skilled labor
Answer is: All of the above! |
|
|
Term
| Approaches to immunocontraception include: |
|
Definition
| C. anti-hormone vaccines and D. anti-gamete vaccines |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Fecal steroid levels can be used to monitor pregnancy status in free-ranging equines |
|
Definition
True.
Fecal steroid levels can be used for this measurement in free-ranging equines and burros |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Immunocontraception of free-ranging species requires multiple immunizations for fertility reduction |
|
Definition
| False. One immunization is enough to see fertility reduction but over time a booster may be needed. |
|
|
Term
| By affecting hormone levels, a highly effective immunocontraception may be rendered ineffective because |
|
Definition
a. dominance status of the contracepted animal may be changed
b. new, competing animals may enter the group
c. all of the above ← Correct Answer |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Fecal steroid levels can be used to monitor pregnancy status in free-ranging equines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Immunocontraception involves the induction of antibody formation to prevent or reduce fertility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sex of choice as a target for fertiliy control in a species that exhibits seasonal reproduction and exhibits a social hierarchy is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Immunocontraception can be used to control behavior in captive male and female animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delivery of vaccines via bait |
|
Definition
| Can result in variable vaccine titres. |
|
|
Term
| Introduction of foxes onto the Australian continent |
|
Definition
a. reduced the rabbit population
b. affected indigenous species numbers
c. introduced rabies
d. a and b
e. all of the above<== YES all of the above is correct |
|
|
Term
| It is anticipated that the world population (human) will reach ______ in 2050. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Immunocontraception of free-ranging species requires multiple immunizations for fertility reduction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ function to neutralize circulating levels of gonadotropins to affect fertiliy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 2000, the world population (human) was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Aneuploidy is a major cause of miscarriages in human reproduction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melatonin levels rise during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LH levels in ovariectomized ewes given low levels of estradiol during the normal non-breeding season are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LH levels in ovariectomized ewes given low levels of estradiol during the normal breeding season are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Van der Lee-Boot effect describes |
|
Definition
| d. cessation of cycles in caged females housed at high density Correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. more chromosomes than normal
b. fewer chromosomes than normal
c. a or b <==YES it's A or B (just means abnormal number of chromosomes) |
|
|
Term
| Bisphenol A is a compound that: |
|
Definition
c. has estrogenic actions
d. causes meiotic abnormalities
g. c and d <== c and d are correct |
|
|
Term
| The Bruce effect describes |
|
Definition
| c. induction of pregnancy loss in early pregnant females by exposure to a strange male |
|
|
Term
| Exposure of males to female urinary phermones |
|
Definition
a. decreases LH levels
b. decreases testosterone levels
c. does not affect marking behavior
d. none of the above <== Correct. (increases marking behavior, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| The Whitten effect describes |
|
Definition
| b. synchronization of estrus in cycling mature females by exposure to a strange male |
|
|
Term
| Marking behavior in male house mice is increased with: |
|
Definition
a. estrone levels in the male
b. testosterone levels in the male
c. introduction to a novel environment
d. a and c
e. b and c ← Correct
f. a, b and c
Marking behavior is also affected by social status |
|
|
Term
| A long rise in melatonin levels is interpreted by the ewe as a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland is involved in identification of daylength in the ewe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Vandenbergh effect describes |
|
Definition
| a. acceleration of puberty in young females by male exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a. acceleration of puberty in young females by male exposure |
|
|
Term
| What gland is involved in identification of day length in the ewe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LH levels in ovariectomized ewes given low levels of estradiol during the normal non-breeding season are: (low or high) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. More chromosomes than normal OR B. Fewer chromosomes than normal
The answer is C: A or B |
|
|
Term
| The ram effect describes.. |
|
Definition
A. Acceleration of puberty in young females by male exposure.
This effect is also known as the Vendernbergh effect in mice, the bull effect and the boar effect |
|
|
Term
| LH levels in ovariectomized ewes given low levels of estradiol during the normal breeding season are.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A long rise in melatonin levels is interpreted by the ewe as a: |
|
Definition
B. Short day
Melatonin levels rise at night and fall during the daytime. So if the it is a short day than there will be a long rise in melatonin. Conversely if it is a long day there will be a short rise in melatonin |
|
|
Term
| Melatonin levels rise during... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melatonin levels fall during.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Van der Lee-Boot effect describes.. |
|
Definition
D. Cessation of cycles in caged females housed at high density.
This effect is due to the exposure of phermones of females on other females. Estrus are suppression occurs particularly when caging is high. When there are less than 10 females per cage this effect is not seen. The mechanism is due to suppression of LH release |
|
|
Term
| Bisphenol A is a compound that.. |
|
Definition
C. has estrogenic actions and D. causes meiotic abnormalities
The answer is G: C. and D. |
|
|
Term
| True of False: Aneuploidy is a major cause of miscarriages in human reproduction. |
|
Definition
| True. aneuploidy is major cause of miscarriage, congenital defects and mental retardation |
|
|
Term
| The term, 'azoospermia', refers to a condition where there is |
|
Definition
| no sperm found in the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
| The first application of a successful assisted reproductive technique in humans involved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US, the proportion of women delivering live births after the transfer of ____ embryos increased from about 5% to about 15% during the period between 1996 and 2006. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What single assisted reproductive technique (ART) has become one of the most commonly used treatments for clinical infertility in the US? (used in about 43% of all ART cycles in 2006) |
|
Definition
| intracytoplasmic sperm injection |
|
|
Term
| In 2006 in the US, about what percent of the number of babies born were conceived through ART? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| c. abnormal growth of the endometrium |
|
|
Term
| Why was there an extremely low chance that the first human pregnancy from assisted reproductive techniques would result in success? |
|
Definition
| d. a zygote was transferred into the uterus |
|
|
Term
| An assisted reproductive technique procedure that is used in association with prenatal genetic diagnosis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To obtain female gametes for IVF what technique is most commonly used today |
|
Definition
| ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration |
|
|
Term
| Issues associated with the application of assisted reproductive techniques in humans can include |
|
Definition
a. multiple fetation
b. fetal reduction
c. increased incidence of birth defects
d. developmental delay of children
e. all of the above<--YES, all are correct |
|
|
Term
| Universal moral values or consensus ethical values include: |
|
Definition
responsibility
citizenship
respect
(a,d,e) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| c. principles that define our behavior as right and wrong Correct |
|
|
Term
| The statement, "an action is judged to be right or wrong according to its consequences", describes what ethical theory |
|
Definition
| b. utilitarianism Correct |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Goodall argued that animals have no moral status. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of moral imperialism would be to |
|
Definition
| c. require individuals in a society to hold specified personal moral values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a. animals were capable of rational thinking |
|
|
Term
| For most people, ethical principles don't lead to internal conflict. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Great Britian, parliment has taken a _______ position relative to the status of human embryos. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In our society, moral agency is expected of |
|
Definition
| adults, teenagers, elementary school children (a, b and c) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Basically, all values are moral values. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| zygote intrafallopian transfer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| c. gamete intrafallopian transfer |
|
|
Term
| In the US, the proportion of women delivering live births after the transfer of ____ embryos more than doubled during the period between 1996 and 2002. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first successful assisted reproductive technique was accomplished in what year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bisphenol A is currently barred from being used for manufacture of baby bottles in the US. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a species, humans have an infertility rate of about.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What single assisted reproductive technique (ART) has become one of the most commonly used treatments for clinical infertility in the US? (used in about 43% of all ART cycles in 2006) |
|
Definition
| E. intracytoplasmic sperm injection |
|
|
Term
| In the US, the proportion of women delivering live births after the transfer of ____ embryos more than doubled during the period between 1996 and 2002 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term, 'azoospermia', refers to a condition where there is: |
|
Definition
| A. no sperm found in the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
| The first successful assisted reproductive technique was accomplished in what year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was there an extremely low chance that the first human pregnancy from assisted reproductive techniques would result in success? |
|
Definition
| D. A zygote was transferred into the uterus |
|
|
Term
| The first application of a successful assisted reproductive technique in humans involved.. |
|
Definition
| C. In vitro fertilization |
|
|
Term
| In 2006 in the US, about what percent of the number of babies born were conceived through ART? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Issues associated with the application of assisted reproductive techniques in humans impact the prospective parents but not society as a whole |
|
Definition
| False - It impacts everyone! |
|
|
Term
| When using GIFT, fertilization actually occurs.. |
|
Definition
B. In vivo
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is another technique where fertilization occurs in vivo |
|
|
Term
| True of False: The use of ZIFT produces more successful pregnancies than IVF |
|
Definition
| True. This is because the embryo is transferred at the 1-cell stage into the oviduct (fallopian tube). ZIFT transfer into the oviduct does require surgery |
|
|
Term
| When using ZIFT, fertilization actually occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US, the proportion of women delivering live births after the transfer of ____ embryos increased from about 5% to about 15% during the period between 1996 and 2006 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US since 2006, the transfer of more than 4 embryos into women between the ages of 35 and 40 who are undergoing ART treatment have been |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consensus moral values are |
|
Definition
e. b and c
b. a set of universally-held moral values
c. moral values that exist within and between human societies |
|
|
Term
| Beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice are aspects that refer what ethical theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personal moral values are derived from |
|
Definition
a. family
b. experience
c. culture
d. all of the above <--- correct |
|
|
Term
| T/F Decartes argued that animals have no moral status. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. understand right and wrong
b. understand good and evil
d. a and b <--- correct |
|
|
Term
| Our values system results from the |
|
Definition
| b. the relative ranking of our ethic principles |
|
|
Term
| Based on Kant's philosophical positions, he would likely take _______ position with regard to the human embryonic stem cell debate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The statement, "fetuses with all organ systems developed should be afforded full protection under the law", would be uttered by someone holding _______ position relative to the moral status of human embryos. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In developing your moral and ethical perspectives you should: |
|
Definition
a. rely primarily on your 'gut' feelings
b. adhere to views established by others
c. be aware of views established by others ← Correct
d. none of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. maintaining healthful eating habits
b. keeping your body fit
c. being respectful of others ← Correct
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. a and c
g. none of the above |
|
|
Term
| Who or what decides if an object is considered a moral object? |
|
Definition
a. laws
b. authorities
c. individuals ← Correct
d. all of the above |
|
|
Term
| The statement, "embryos should be afforded full protection under the law", would be uttered by someone holding _______ position relative to the moral status of human embryos. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C. Something that must consider another's needs before acting |
|
|
Term
| In developing your moral and ethical perspectives you should.. |
|
Definition
| C. Be aware of views established by others |
|
|
Term
| True or False: For most people, ethical principles don't lead to internal conflict. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Universal moral values or consensus ethical values include: |
|
Definition
A: Responsibility, D: Citizenship and E: Respect
The answer is H: A,D,E |
|
|
Term
| The statement, "embryos should be afforded full protection under the law", would be uttered by someone holding _______ position relative to the moral status of human embryos. |
|
Definition
| C. A restrictive position |
|
|
Term
| Consensus moral values are.. |
|
Definition
B: A set of universally-held moral values and C: Moral values that exist within and between human societies
The answer is E: B and C |
|
|
Term
| The statement, "an action is judged to be right or wrong according to its consequences", describes what ethical theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice are aspects that refer what ethical theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our values system results from the... |
|
Definition
| B. The relative ranking of our ethic principles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B. Consistency between your stated moral values and your actions |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, when did the age of cloning begin? |
|
Definition
| In February 1997 with the cloning of Dolly the sheep |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, scientists have found successful cloning hard to repeat because for every 100 cells injected into eggs only ____ will be born alive |
|
Definition
2 or 3 clones
This may be due to failure to grow into an embryo or implant into the uterus or the fact that many cloned animals die before making it to birth |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, where have abnormalities in cloned animals been found? |
|
Definition
| Kidneys, liver, heart, blood vessels, skin and immunological abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, which scientists were against human cloning? |
|
Definition
| Dr. Harry Griffin and Lorraine Young from Roslin Institute |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, are for human cloning and are confident they can produce healthy human clones? |
|
Definition
| Dr. Panayiotis Zavos and Severine Antinori from Italy |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, what syndrome gave the first clue into a genetic mutation that could cause some IVF animals to grow too big? |
|
Definition
| Becu Vitamin Syndrome - This is where too much growth factor may be produced causing large tongues in babies and the cells of the liver and kidney to grow out of control |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, the loss of what groups from DNA were implicated in making cloned animals grow too large? |
|
Definition
| The loss of methyl groups from DNA which then caused improper "switching" of genes on and off |
|
|
Term
| In the "Cloning the First Human" video, what did Professor Ian Wilmut from Roslin Institute say were the most likely outcomes of cloning humans? |
|
Definition
-Late abortions
-Birth of dead children
-Birth of children who survive but are abnormal |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, what did the Magee Women’s Research Institute in Pittsburgh discover when they compared normal fertilization to ICSI? |
|
Definition
| Sperm was not inflating uniformly as a round balloon but is constricted |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, has cloning of Rhesus monkeys been successful? |
|
Definition
| No, not a single one has succeeded.The DNA is so fragmented that no cloned embryo has yet survived |
|
|
Term
| According to the "Cloning the First Human" video, who was the first test tube baby? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many layers are between maternal red blood cells and fetal red blood cells in an epitheliochorial placenta? |
|
Definition
| Epitheliochorial = 6 layers between maternal red blood cells and fetal red blood cells. 3 maternal layers and 3 fetal layers |
|
|
Term
| How many layers are between maternal red blood cells and fetal red blood cells in an endotheliochorial placenta? |
|
Definition
| Endotheliochorial = 4 layers. 1 maternal capillary endothelium and 3 fetal layers (chorion, fetal stroma, fetal capillary epithelium) |
|
|
Term
| How many layers are between maternal red blood cells and fetal red blood cells in an hemochorial placenta? |
|
Definition
Hemochorial = 3 layers. All fetal layers (chorion, stroma, capillary endothelium), no maternal layers.
Maternal red blood cells are in direct contact with the fetal chorion |
|
|
Term
| The two basic types of equine placenta are: |
|
Definition
| Allantochorion (noninvasive tissues) and chorionic girdle (invasive tissue) |
|
|
