Term
| True or False: Thin albumin is added to the egg after the shell membranes are deposited |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avians and amphibians, ovulation is stimulated by the LH surge which is induced by.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avians the source of lipids for vitellogenesis is the.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thin albumin is added while the egg is in the ____ of the avian oviduct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The developing egg spends about ___ hours in the magnum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Ovulation does not occur from the right ovary of the red tailed hawk |
|
Definition
| False: Ovulation does occur in the right ovary of the red tailed hawk, kiwi, turkey vulture and Cooper's hawk but there is only 1 oviduct. The ovulated egg from the right ovary goes into the body cavity and is reabsorbed within 24 hrs |
|
|
Term
| Calcium mobilization for shell deposition in the hen is driven by.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Thin albumin is added to the egg through the shell membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm can be maintained in the sperm storage glands of the turkey oviduct for about... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both ovaries are function in the reproductive tract of: |
|
Definition
| The turkey vulture and the red tailed hawk but NOT the chicken |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens oviposition occurs about 6 hours after ovulation |
|
Definition
| False: Oviposition occurs 24-28 hrs after ovulation |
|
|
Term
| An example of a 3 egg cycle with a regular sequence and a regular pause is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of a 2-egg cycle with a regular sequence and regular pause is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example species that are continuous breeders include: |
|
Definition
| Chickens but NOT hawks and parrots |
|
|
Term
| When eggs are laid in sequence the LH surge continues to shift.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Continuous breeders produce eggs in clutches |
|
Definition
| False: This is a characteristic of seasonal breeders |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens, ovulation occurs about 24 hours after the LH surge |
|
Definition
| False: It occurs about 6 hrs after the LH surge |
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the granulosa layer of the hen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Continuous breeders produce eggs in sequences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitellogenesis occurs in ___ follicles |
|
Definition
B (F5,LY) and C (SY, LW) but NOT F1 or F2
Vitellogenesis occurs in SW, LW, SY, LY, F5, F4 and F3 |
|
|
Term
| The primary gonadotropin involved in regulating avian follicular steroidogenesis is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens, oviposition occurs about 24-26 hrs after ovulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitellogenin is synthesized in the.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major second messenger system used to drive avian follicular steroidogenesis is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species, the magnum functions as the: |
|
Definition
| Major albumin secreting region |
|
|
Term
| The chromatin complement of the egg at ovulation in the hen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species the cloaca functions as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the theca externa layer of the hen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species the infundibulum functions as: |
|
Definition
| The site of fertilization |
|
|
Term
| Ovulation occurs about ___ hrs after the LH surge in chickens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the theca internal layer of the hen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thin albumin is added while the egg is in the ___ of the avian oviduct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Out of F5, F3, F1, Large Yolky and Large White which would be the smallest sized follicle on an avian ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species the isthmus functions as: |
|
Definition
| Site of shell membrane deposition |
|
|
Term
| In avians progesterone secreted by an ovarian follicles induces.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm storage glands are located in the __ of the avian oviduct |
|
Definition
| Infundibulum and utero-vaginal junction |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens the LH surge only occurs during the daytime |
|
Definition
| False: LH surge in chickens only occurs at night. It is ovulation that only occurs during the daytime. |
|
|
Term
| A pause day occurs because.. |
|
Definition
| An LH surge did not occur 36-40 hrs previously and/or an ovulation did not occur about 24 hr previously (A and B) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens, oviposition occurs about 6 hours after ovulation |
|
Definition
| False: oviposition occurs 24-26hrs after ovulation |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens, ovulation occurs only in the daylight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: A laying sequence is individually determined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Thin albumin is added to the egg after the shell membranes are deposited |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When eggs are laid in a sequence the LH surge continues to shift... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The developing egg spends about __ hours in the infundibulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the granulosa layer of the hen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In amphibians, progesterone secreted by an ovarian follicle induces.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In most avian species both ovaries are functional |
|
Definition
| False: In most avians only the left ovary is functional. Exceptions to this are the kiwi, turkey vulture, Cooper's hawk, and Red tailed hawk |
|
|
Term
| Vitellogenesis is stimulated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major second messenger system used to drive avian follicular steroidgenesis is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of an irregular sequence with an irregular pause is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Continuous breeders can mate any time of the year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seasonal breeders exhibit: |
|
Definition
| All of the above: specific breeding periods, production of one or more clutches, incubation after clutch production |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In chickens, ovulation occurs about 6 hours after the LH surge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm can be maintained in the sperm storage glands of the turkey oviduct for about.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The LH surge occurs in the queen... |
|
Definition
| After 4 matings on the 3rd day of estrus. |
|
|
Term
| In rabbits, cervical stimulation causes... |
|
Definition
GnRH release from the hypothalmus
and ovulation
(a and c). |
|
|
Term
| In the rat on a normal (12:12) light cycle, ovulation occurs on the morning of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Induced ovulators exhibit a neuroendocrine reflex arc: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species that exhibit induced ovulation include... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. breeding season from January-September
and
c. estrus periods of 5-8 days in length
(a and c) |
|
|
Term
| Estrogen secreted by the preovulatory follicle of the bitch begins to rise above baseline about _________ before the surge of LH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rabbit exhibits estrous cycles: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! The rabbit is an induced ovulator. |
|
|
Term
| The queen is a spontaneous ovulator: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! The queen is an induced ovulator |
|
|
Term
| The queen exhibits estrus ______ (on what time schedule) during the breeding season. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The estrous cycle of the bitch lasts about... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudopregnancy occurs as a result of an infertile mating: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrous cycles are characterized by having... |
|
Definition
| ovulation early in the cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periods of estrus every 2-3 days. |
|
|
Term
| Species that exhibit spontaneous ovulation include... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The estrous cycle of the ewe is 21 days in length: True of False? |
|
Definition
| False! The estrous cycle of the ewe is 16-17 days |
|
|
Term
| The ewe is a seasonal breeder exhibiting an anestrus season during short days: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False The ewe exhibits an anestrus period during long days, from spring-summer |
|
|
Term
| The dominant steroid secreted during the follicular phase of the ewe is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat on a normal (12:12) light cycle, the LH surge occurs on the afternoon of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dominant steroid secreted during the follicular phase of the primate is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat on a normal (12:12) light cycle, estradiol will surge about mid-day on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Menstrual cycles are characterized by having... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the latter portion of the follicular phase of the primate menstrual cycle, the uterus is in the ______(proliferative or secretory) phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the luteal phase of the primate menstrual cycle, the uterus is in the ______(proliferative or secretory) phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pregnancy in the queen lasts about... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat, a 5 day estrous cycle contains 2 days of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary energy source used by sperm exhibiting hyperactivated motility is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacitation can be mimicked in vitro: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of capacitation is thought to release... |
|
Definition
| decapacitation factors from the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Cortical granule release occurs when... |
|
Definition
| the sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proacrosin is located on the... |
|
Definition
| sperm inner acrosomal membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Capacitation is NOT a reversible process: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! It is a reversible process |
|
|
Term
| Egg activation occurs as a result of... |
|
Definition
a. sperm binding to the vitelline membrane
b. transient releases of calcium
c. release of DAG and IP3
d. ALL of the Above. <--Yes, all of these are correct. |
|
|
Term
| Hyperactivated sperm demonstrate... |
|
Definition
a. whip-like flagella movement
and
b. rise in intracellular calcium concentrations
(a and b) |
|
|
Term
| Capacitation occurs as a result of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Free protamines preferentially bind to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spermatozoal DNA is packaged with... |
|
Definition
protamines
(NOT histones) |
|
|
Term
| The second messenger systems involved in induction of hyperactivated motility include... |
|
Definition
a. G-proteins
b. Calcium release
c. Protein Kinase A
d. ALL of the above <--Yes, all of the above is correct. |
|
|
Term
| Disulfide bonds in protamines are reduced by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The acrosome reaction is induced by binding to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium waves originate where the oocyte meiotic spindle is located: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! (Ca++ waves start from the site of sperm-egg binding) |
|
|
Term
| The process of capacitation is thought to release... |
|
Definition
| decapacitation factors from the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| A lowering of intracellular pH facilitates hyperactivated motility: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! (increased intracellular Ca++ and removal of decapacitation factors induces this) |
|
|
Term
| Calcium is released upon sperm-egg binding: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only capacitated sperm can participate in fertilization: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intracellular pH rises during egg activation: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proacrosin is located on the... |
|
Definition
| sperm inner acrosomal membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Disulfide bonds in protamines are reduced by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacitation can be mimicked in vitro: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proacrosin is activated to become acrosin by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm fusion proteins are located on... |
|
Definition
a. sperm plasma membrane
and
b. equatorial segment
(a and b) |
|
|
Term
| The acrosome reaction is induced by binding to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm bind to the zona pellucida via... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Egg activation occurs as a result of... |
|
Definition
| activation of phospholipase C. |
|
|
Term
| Somatic cell DNA is packaged with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proacrosin is located on the... |
|
Definition
| sperm inner acrosomal membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Chimeras are genetic hybrids: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mammals, cleavage divisions occur through the blastocyst stage of development: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mosaic has genetically different cell types: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells residing on the inside of the morula. |
|
|
Term
| Cleavage divisions in Xenopus embryos always result in daughter cells of roughly equal size: True or False? |
|
Definition
| FALSE! (animal pole cells smaller vs vegetal pole cells bigger) |
|
|
Term
| Compact morula have all cells in the embryo adhered to each other by tight junctions: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False (outer are tight junctions, inner are gap junctions). |
|
|
Term
| Chimeras are useful for studies in... |
|
Definition
a. tissue derivation
b. cell lineages
c. cell destiny
d. all of the above <-- Yes, all of these above are correct. |
|
|
Term
| Compact or tight morula have large intercellular spaces: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! (it's tight in there) |
|
|
Term
| In a chimera between a 4-cell goat embryo and a 4-cells of an 8-cell sheep embryo, which would contribute most to the placenta? |
|
Definition
| the cells of the goat embryo (the goat embryo's cells are younger, so they stay on the outside to form the placenta, while the older cells migrate to the center to form the ICM). |
|
|
Term
| The total cell mass of a fertilized mammalian ovum stays constant throughout the first 4 embryonic divisions: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inner cell mass cells become... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tortise-shell cat is an example of a chimera: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pig embryos reach the uterus at about _____hours (how long) after the onset of estrus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Human embryos reach the uterus about ______days (how long) after fertilization? |
|
Definition
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. all of the above. <--Yes, all of the above is correct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cells residing on the inside of the morula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
b. an embryonic cell
c. a cell undergoing cleavage divisions
(b and c) |
|
|
Term
| Random X-chromosome inactivation occurs at the _____ (which stage) stage of development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cattle, a morula has about... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In amphibians, cleavage divisions result in equal sized daughter cells: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False (animal pole vs vegetal pole) |
|
|
Term
| Gap junctions function to facilitate attachment of outer cells in the tight morula: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! (That'd be tight junctions) |
|
|
Term
| The blastocyst forms as a result of... |
|
Definition
a. Pumping of Na+ ions into the interior of the morula.
b. flow of extra-embryonic fluids through the trophoblast.
c. function of aquaporin channels in the trophoblast.
d. all of the above. <--Yes, all of the above are correct. |
|
|
Term
| In mammals, cleavage divisions result in equal-sized daughter cells: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Human blastocysts implant... |
|
Definition
| immediately after hatching. |
|
|
Term
| All females are mosaics: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The placenta is derived from... |
|
Definition
a. the outside cells of the compact morula.
b. the trophoblast.
(a and b are correct) |
|
|
Term
| Gap junctions facilitate communication amongst the cells of the morula: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Xenopus embryos develop with extremely slow cleavage divisions: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. (very rapid compared to mammals) |
|
|
Term
| A chimera contains genetically different cells derived from a single zygote: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False (chimeras= 2 or more zygotes combined) |
|
|
Term
| In avian species, the infundibulum functions as... |
|
Definition
| the site of fertilization. |
|
|
Term
| Ovulation occurs about ______ (how many) hours after the LH surge in chickens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species, the magnum functions as... |
|
Definition
| the major albumin secreting region. |
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the theca interna layer of the hen is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thin albumin is added while the egg is in the _____ (which region) of the avian oviduct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would be the smallest-sized follicle on an avian ovary? |
|
Definition
| Large white is the smallest follicle. |
|
|
Term
| In the avian species, the isthmus functions as... |
|
Definition
| the site of shell membrane deposition. |
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the granulosa layer of the hen is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avians, progesterone secreted by an ovarian follicle... |
|
Definition
| induces albumin secretion. |
|
|
Term
| Sperm storage glands are located in the _______ (which regions) of the avian oviduct? |
|
Definition
a. infundibulum
d. utero-vaginal junction
(a and d are correct) |
|
|
Term
| In chickens, the LH surge only occurs in the daytime: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pause day occurs because... |
|
Definition
a. an LH surge did not occur about 36-40 hours previously
and
b. an ovulation did not occur about 24 hours previously.
(a and b are correct) |
|
|
Term
| In chickens, oviposition occurs about 6 hours after ovulation: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! 24-28 hrs after ovulation |
|
|
Term
| In chickens, ovulation occurs about 24 hours after the LH surge: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False! 6 hrs after the LH surge |
|
|
Term
| In chickens, ovulation occurs only in the daylight: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A laying sequence is individually determined: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The developing egg spends about____ (how many hours) hours in the infundibulum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major steroid secreted by the granulosa layer of the hen is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In avian species, the magnum functions as... |
|
Definition
| the major albumin secreting region. |
|
|
Term
| In avian species, the isthmus functions as... |
|
Definition
| site of shell membrane deposition. |
|
|
Term
| which of the following would be the smallest-sized follicle on an avian ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary gonadotropin involved in regulating avian follicular steroidogenesis is ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In amphibians, progesterone secreted by an ovarian follicle... |
|
Definition
| induces jelly coat formation. |
|
|
Term
| In most avian species, both ovaries are functional: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence of polyspermy is reduced by the... |
|
Definition
a. Zona Block
b. Vitelline Block
(a and b) |
|
|
Term
| Egg activation occurs as a result of... |
|
Definition
| activation of phospholipase C |
|
|
Term
| The acrosome reaction is induced by binding to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dominant steroid secreted during the follicular phase of the primate is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical granule release occurs when... |
|
Definition
| the sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Dominant steroids secreted during the luteal phase of the primate are... |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone. |
|
|
Term
| Capacitation results in the ability to undergo... |
|
Definition
b. hyperactivated motility
c. acrosome reaction
d. fertilization
(b, c, and d) |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular pH rises during egg activation: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capacitation involves changes in .. |
|
Definition
sperm membrane lipid composition
AND
proteins in sperm plasma membranes |
|
|
Term
| Spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize when they are in the _______ portion of the epididymis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm without an equatorial segment can fertilize an oocyte. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Induced ovulators exhibit a neuroendocrine reflex arc. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical granule release occurs when... |
|
Definition
| the sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breeding season from January-September
AND
estrus periods of 5-8 days in length |
|
|
Term
| A lowering of intracellular pH facilitates hyperactivated motility. True of False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spermatozoal DNA is packaged with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dominant steriod secreted during the follicular phase of the ewe is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second messenger systems involved in induction of hyperactivated motility include... |
|
Definition
a. G-proteins
b. Calcium release
c. Protein Kinase A
(a, b, and c) |
|
|
Term
| The LH surge occurs in the queen... |
|
Definition
| After 4 matings on the 3rd day of estrus. (There MUST be 4 matings for this to occur) |
|
|
Term
| Second messenger systems involved in induction of hyperactivated motility include: |
|
Definition
A. G-proteins
B. Calcium release
C. Protein Kinase A
ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE. |
|
|
Term
| The incidence of polyspermy is reduced by the.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: Zona block and Vitelline block |
|
|
Term
| Egg activation occurs as a result of.. |
|
Definition
| Activation of Phospholipase C |
|
|
Term
| The acrosome reaction is induced by binding to.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dominant steroid secreted during the follicular phase of the primate is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary energy source used by sperm exhibiting hyperactivated motility is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical granule release occurs when.. |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Dominant steroids secreted during the luteal phase of the primate are.. |
|
Definition
| Estrogen and Progesterone |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Intracellular pH rises during egg activation |
|
Definition
| True. Due to the H+/Na exchanger, protons gets extruded causing pH increase |
|
|
Term
| In the ewe and the cow, LH levels are low during the luteal phase because.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: Progesterone has negative feedback on LH (a) and Estradiol has negative feedback on LH (b) |
|
|
Term
| Capacitation occurs as a result of residence in the.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Replacement of histones with protamines on sperm DNA is referred to as.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Capacitation can be mimicked in vitro |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vitelline block occurs when.. |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Capacitation results in the ability to undergo.. |
|
Definition
| B,C and D: hyperactivated motility (b), acrosome reaction (c), and fertilization (d) |
|
|
Term
| Spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize when they are in the _______ portion of the epididymis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True of False: Gap junctions function to facilitate attachment of outer cells in the tight morula |
|
Definition
| False: They facilitate communication (amongst the cells of the morula) |
|
|
Term
| True of False: Gap junctions facilitate communication amongst the cells of the morula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True of False: Compact or tight morula have large intracellular spaces |
|
Definition
| False. Large intracellular spaces are characteristic of loose morula |
|
|
Term
| Injection chimeras can be constructed using.. |
|
Definition
| All of the above: blastomeres (a), embryonic stem cells (b), teratocarcinoma cells (c) |
|
|
Term
| True of False: The blastocyst stage is the first embryonic stage in which differentiation of cell types occurs within the embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B and C: an embryonic cell (b) and a cell undergoing cleavage divisions (c) |
|
|
Term
| True of False: In mammals cleavage divisions result in equal sized daughter cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Xenopus embryos exhibit.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: an animal pole (a) and a vegetal pole (b) |
|
|
Term
| True of False: Chimeras are genetic hybrids |
|
Definition
| False. Chimeras are individuals with genetically different cell types originating from two or more zygotes |
|
|
Term
| True of False: Cell divisions in the Xenopus embryo animal vs. vegetal segments occur at the same rate |
|
Definition
| False: Divisions are more rapid in the animal pole |
|
|
Term
| The vitelline block occurs when.. |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperactivated sperm demonstrate.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: whip-like flagella movement (a) and rise in intracellular calcium concentrations (b) |
|
|
Term
| True of False: Intracellular pH rises during egg activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proacrosin is activated to become acrosin by.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True of False: Calcium is released upon sperm-egg binding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The zona block occurs when.. |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Egg activation occurs as a result of.. |
|
Definition
| Activation of Phospholipase C |
|
|
Term
| The acrosome reaction is induced by binding to.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat on a normal (12:12) light cycle, ovulation occurs in the morning of.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat, a 5 day estrous cycle contains 2 days of.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the latter portion of the follicular phase of the primate menstrual cycle, the uterus is in the ___ phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Periods of estrus every 2-3 days |
|
|
Term
| The dominant steroid secreted during the follicular phase of the primate is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrous cycles are characterized by having.. |
|
Definition
| Ovulation early in the cycle |
|
|
Term
| During the luteal phase of the primate menstrual cycle, the uterus is in the ___ phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The queen exhibits estrus ____ during the breeding season |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transvaginal oocyte recovery |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Non-surgical embyro transfer was introduced in the 1980s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The preferred site of embryo deposition used in non-surgical and surgical embryo transfer in cattle is.. |
|
Definition
| Upper third of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum |
|
|
Term
| Embryo transfer is a method useful for.. |
|
Definition
| Propagating valuable females |
|
|
Term
| IVF (in vitro fertilization) can be performed using ova from.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: live cattle and deceased cattle |
|
|
Term
| Donor females used in an embryo transfer program can be super-ovulated and non-surgically flushed about ___ times per year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An advantage of in vitro fertilization for embryo production and transfer from a donor female compared to super-ovulation of a donor female for embryo production and transfer is.. |
|
Definition
| Multiple sires can be used per production cycle with IVF |
|
|
Term
| Ova recovered from ovaries can be used successfully for IVF up to.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In embryo transfer in cattle, donor females are typically super-ovulated to produce many embryos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ova recovered for a typical IVF procedure can be fertilized after.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cattle, IVF embryos are typically cultured to the morula or blastocyst stages of development prior to transfer to recipient females:true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The preferred site of embryo deposition used in non-surgical embryo transfer in cattle is... |
|
Definition
| Upper third of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal offspring syndrome in cattle can be associated with... |
|
Definition
| A and C. The production of embryos in vitro (a), and abnormalities in placental development (c). |
|
|
Term
| Non-surgical embryo transfer requires epidural anesthesia: true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cattle, offspring produced by IVF procedures are identical to those produced through superovulation and embryo recovery from donor females: true or false? |
|
Definition
| False (they are not identical. Sometimes bigger and sometimes smaller) |
|
|
Term
| In vitro embryo production can be useful for treatment of clinical infertility: true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cattle, sperm can be used for the in vitro insemination procedure from the frozen insemination straw without any prior preparation: true or false? |
|
Definition
| False. They must be prepared. |
|
|
Term
| The first successful embryo transfer was done in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In vitro embryo production has been used in... |
|
Definition
| All of the above. Cattle, goats, humans, cats. |
|
|
Term
In the rat on a normal (12:12) light cycle, ovuation occurs on the morning of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Â
Dominant steriods secreted during the luteal phase of the primate are
|
|
Definition
 Estrogen and progesterone |
|
|
Term
Capacitation occurs as a result of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the latter portion of the follicular phase of the primate menstrual cycle, the uterus is in the _________ phase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Capacitation can be mimicked in vitro |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The LH surge occurs in the queen |
|
Definition
| After 4 matings on the third day of the estrus |
|
|
Term
| The vitelline block occurs when |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| The zona block occurs when |
|
Definition
| The sperm binds to the oocyte plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Second messenger systems involved in induction of hyperactivated motility include |
|
Definition
| G proteins, Calcium release and Protein kinase A |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The queen is a spontaneous ovulator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transvaginal oocyte recovery |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The first successful embryo transfer was not done until 1960 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ova recovered from ovaries can be used successfully for IVF |
|
Definition
| Up tp 11 hour post-mortem |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In cattle, sperm can be used for the in vitro insemination procedure from the frozen insemination straw without any prior preparation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: In vitro embryo production can be useful for treatment of clinical infertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal offspring syndrome in cattle can be associated with |
|
Definition
| Production of embryos in vitro, and abnormalities in placental development |
|
|
Term
| IVF can be performed using ova from |
|
Definition
| Live cattle and deceased cattle |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In vitro embryo production procedures in cattle typically involve oocyte maturation in vitro prior to fertilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Non surgical embyo transfer in cattle was introduced in the 1980s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: About a quarter of all superovulated donor females do not produce any embryos when embryo recovery is attempted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One goal of manipulation of milk composition using transgenesis is |
|
Definition
| To facilitate post-harvest milk processing |
|
|
Term
| True or False: A target gene locus for creation of transgenic chickens for biopharmaceuticals production is the ovalbumin gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Resistance to the use of biological products from cattle for human therapy is, in part, a result of potential prions in bovine tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stably integrated transgenes.. |
|
Definition
| Can be passed from parents to offspring |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Biosteel refers to production of catapillar protein in milk of transgenic animals |
|
Definition
| False: Biosteel is recombinant spider silk used for military and industrial applications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-biological organism for product synthesis
-use of biology to create products |
|
|
Term
| Proposed milk modifications might include |
|
Definition
-changes in lactose composition
-changes in caesin composition
-addition of lactoferrin |
|
|
Term
| Transgenic animals can carry genes from |
|
Definition
-bacteria
-viruses
-animals
-plants |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Transgenic chickens have been successfully developed to produce biopharmaceuticals in their egg yolks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that hold back large scale production of transgenic animals for nutraceutical supplementation of milk in the US include |
|
Definition
-funding constraints
-social acceptabilityÂ
-necessity to prove safety and efficacy |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pluripotent cells are germ cell proven |
|
Definition
| False: Pluripotent cells are usually not germ cell proven. Totipotent cells are germ cell proven in mice. |
|
|
Term
| Targeted gene manipulation in ES cells allows |
|
Definition
-testing of transgene constructs
-verification of correct transgene insertion
-control of transgene copy number |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The use of ES cells as tissue replacement therapy has not been proven |
|
Definition
| False. It has been shown for cardiac tissue, nerve cells and other tissues |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Embryonic stem cells can be produced from cells of the trophoblast |
|
Definition
| False: They need to be produced from the ICM. Trophoblast cells have been differentiated while ICM cells have not. |
|
|
Term
Ethical issues associated with the use of embryonic stem cells focus on |
|
Definition
| the method of ES cell production |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In the US, embryonic stem cell research can currently be supported by federal funding sources |
|
Definition
| True. Obama re-established this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induced pluripotent stem cells |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be used to make transgenic cell lines using |
|
Definition
-homologous recombination
-microinjection |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Use of iPS cells for production of replacement tissue does not have major potential drawbacks |
|
Definition
| False: Viral vectors are used and this may induce tumors later on |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Embryonic stem cells can be produced from cells of the inner cell mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloning between humans and animals cannot be legally performed in the United States |
|
Definition
| False. This is done despite the guidelines by the NIH in 2000 |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Repeated cloning of a cloned animal can be successfully accomplished |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Requirements for producing a nuclear transfer zygote include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cells other than female germ cells can be used as a host cytoplasm for nuclear transfer |
|
Definition
| False. The oocyte is the only cell capable of adjusting to new DNA/nucleus |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloning between humans and animals is permitted in some European nations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species NT was first accomplished in the 1970s |
|
Definition
| False. It was first established in the late 1980s - 1990s |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloned animals do not develop beyond the 4-cell stage |
|
Definition
| False. They have been show to develop into early and late gestation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-progation of transgenic animals
-creation of genetically identical individuals |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In cattle, the incidence of abnormal offspring syndrome can reach 65% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloned animals have mitochondria from donor cell cytoplasm |
|
Definition
| False. The mitochondria comes from the recipient oocyte cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| The agent responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In rodents, stimulation of the cervix results in |
|
Definition
-induction of the secondary gonadotropin surge
-induction of nocturnal and diurnal prolcatin surges |
|
|
Term
| A precursor of PGF synthesis in the uterine endometrium is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is described by the |
|
Definition
| endocrine-exocrine hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is ______ of gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic signal for pregnancy recognition in primates is produced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PGF is produced by the uterine endometrium by activation of the PIP2 pathway by binding of _____ to its receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diurnal surges occur during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Ruminant conceptuses remain in the same morphological configuration during the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species that utilize luteotropic mechanisms for pregnancy recognition include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Production of iPS cells does not involve embryo manipulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The use of ES cells as tissue replacement therapy has not been proven |
|
Definition
| False: It has been proven for cardiac tissue, nerve cells, blood cells, etc. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Embryonic stem cells can be produced from the inner cell mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iPS cells can be potentially advantageous for cell replacement therapy because they can be made... |
|
Definition
| To be isogenic with the patient |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Embryonic stem cells can be produced from cells of the trophoblast |
|
Definition
| False: They cannot be produced from trophoblast cells because those cells are differentiated unlike the cells of the ICM |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be used to make transgenic cell lines using.. |
|
Definition
| Homologous recombination (B) and Microinjection (C) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: In Britain, human animal cloning is permitted as long as embryos remain in preimplantation stages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is a one in ____ to one in ____ change that genes can be successfully introduced in the genome of ES cells during mitosis |
|
Definition
| 1,000,000 ; 1,000,000,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to differentiate into MOST cell types of the body |
|
|
Term
| Targeted gene manipulation in ES cells allows.. |
|
Definition
| All of the above: testing of transgene constructs, verification of correct transgene insertion, control of transgene copy number |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Transgenic chickens have been successfully developed to produce biopharmaceuticals in their egg yolks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Transient expression of a transgene (non-stable integration) is detrimental to the individual |
|
Definition
| False: Non-stable integration just means that the transgene incorporated will not be permanently incorporated. It will not be passed down to the offspring |
|
|
Term
| True or False: A target gene locus for creation of transgenic chickens for biopharmaceutical production is the ovalbumin gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Microinjection of transgenes invariably results in stable gene integration |
|
Definition
| False: It can result in the gene being incorporated into an area that does not get expressed or into an area critical for development. Integration is random |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Bacterial fermentation is a highly effective method for production of mammalian glycoproteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of microinjected embryos that can be implanted in the uterus of a mouse is about.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: GloFish are not legally available in the United States |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transgenesis has been suggested for production of: |
|
Definition
| All of the above: pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, modified milk products, replacement tissues and organs |
|
|
Term
| Microinjection of a transgene is the primary method for transgenic animal production in what species? |
|
Definition
| All of the above: cattle, sheep, pigs |
|
|
Term
| Proposed milk modifications might include.. |
|
Definition
| All of the above: change in lactose composition, changes in casein composition, addition of lactoferrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A and C: Propagation of transgenic animals and creation of genetically identical individuals |
|
|
Term
| Donor sources for nuclear transfer can include.. |
|
Definition
| All of the above: blastomeres, ES cells, somatic cells |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for producing a nuclear transfer zygote include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cells other than female germ cells can be used as a host cytoplasm for nuclear transfer |
|
Definition
| False: Only female germ cells can be used as a host because the oocyte can adjust to new DNA/Nuclear content |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloned animals have mitochondria from the donor cell cytoplasm |
|
Definition
| False: Inter-species cloned animals have mitochondria from the recipient oocyte cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species NT was first accomplished in the 1970s |
|
Definition
| False: It was first reported in the 1980- early 1990s |
|
|
Term
| Issues with nuclear transfer offspring can include.. |
|
Definition
| A and B: excessively large size and abnormalities in placental development |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloned animals do not develop beyond the 4 cell stage |
|
Definition
| False: They have been recovered in early gestation and late gestation |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Inter-species cloning between humans and animals is permitted in some European nations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Repeated cloning of a cloned animal can be successfully accomplished |
|
Definition
| True. Up to 5 generations of repeated cloning have been observed |
|
|
Term
| In vitro embryo production has been used in: |
|
Definition
a. cattle
b. goats
c. humans
d. cats
(a-d, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| In cattle, offspring produced by IVF procedures are identical to those produced through superovulation and embryo recovery from donor females. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In vitro embryo production can be useful for treatment of clinical infertility. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transvaginal oocyte recovery |
|
|
Term
| In embryo transfer in cattle, donor females are typically superovulated to produce many embryos. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-surgical embryo transfer in cattle was introduced in the 1980s. T/F? |
|
Definition
True
(Surgical ET in cattle was introduced in 1970s) |
|
|
Term
| In cattle, IVF embryos are typically cultured to the morula or blastocyst stages of development prior to transfer to recipient females. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-surgical embryo transfer requires epidural anesthesia. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The average yield of embryos from a superovulated female is: |
|
Definition
5-6 embryos
(cf. 25% of flushes yield 0 embryos) |
|
|
Term
| Ova recovered from ovaries can be used successfully for IVF: (for how long?) |
|
Definition
| up to 11 hours post-mortem |
|
|
Term
| Transgenic animals for commercial biopharmaceutical production... |
|
Definition
| will be produced and propagated in private companies. |
|
|
Term
| A target gene locus for creation of transgenic chickens for biopharmaceuticals is the ovalbumin gene: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transgenic animals can be used to... |
|
Definition
| decrease the cost of biopharmaceutical production. |
|
|
Term
| Cattle that have only human antibodies for use in their immune system cannot develop immune resistance to common bovine disease agents: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microinjection of transgenes invariably results in stable gene integration: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. Stable gene integration is quite variable, infrequent, in fact. |
|
|
Term
| The female pronucleus is the preferred site for microinjection of a transgene: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. The males are better for microinjection (just the first of many things males are better at than females). |
|
|
Term
| Green"Glo" animals are transgenic for the jelly-fish protein known as GFP (green fluorescent protein) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GloFish are not legally available in the United States: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. They are available in many states and countries. |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial fermentation is a highly effective method for production of mammalian glycoproteins: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transgenic chickens have been successfully developed to produce biopharmaceuticals in their egg yolks: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. It's the egg whites, not the yolks. |
|
|
Term
| Ethical issues associated with the use of embryonic stem cells focus on... |
|
Definition
| the method of ES cell production |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be induced to differentiate into... |
|
Definition
| all of the above: muscle cells; skin cells; islet cells; neurons. |
|
|
Term
| The use of ES cells as tissue replacement therapy has not been proven: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. Its use HAS been proven. |
|
|
Term
| There is a one in ______ to one in ______ chance that genes can be successfully introduced in the genome of ES cells during mitosis. |
|
Definition
| 1,000,000; to 1,000,000,000. |
|
|
Term
| In the US, embryonic stem cell research can currently be supported by federal funding sources: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the above: can be induced to differentiate in culture; are immortal cell lines; are capable of forming teratocarcinomas. |
|
|
Term
| Production of iPS cells does not involve embryo manipulation: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pluripotency refers to... |
|
Definition
| the ability to differentiate into most cell types of the body. |
|
|
Term
| Tarted gene manipulation in ES cells allows... |
|
Definition
| all of the above: testing of transgene constructs; verification of correct transgene insertion; control of transgene copy number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to differentiate into all cell types of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a and c: a)propagation of transgenic animals; c)creation of genetically identical (not phenotypically identical) individuals. |
|
|
Term
| Inter-species NT was first accomplished in the 1970s: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Requirements for producing a nuclear transfer zygote include... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repeated cloning of a cloned animal can be successfully accomplished: True or False? |
|
Definition
| True. It can be successfully accomplished. |
|
|
Term
| Donor sources for nuclear transfer can include... |
|
Definition
| all of the above: blastomeres; ES cells; somatic cells. |
|
|
Term
| In cattle, the incidence of abnormal offspring syndrome can reach 65%: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloned animals have mitochondria from the donor cell cytoplasm: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. The mitochondria are from the recipient animal's (enucleated) cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
| Cells other than female germ cells can be used as a host cytoplasm for nuclear transfer: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. It's gotta be the ladies germ cells. Sorry fellas. |
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloning between humans and animals cannot be legally performed in the United States: True or False? |
|
Definition
| False. It CAN be legally performed in the US. |
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloning between humans and animals is permitted in some European nations: True or False? |
|
Definition
| True. It's permitted there in some places. |
|
|
Term
| Green "glo" animals are transgenic for the jelly-fish protein known as GFP (green fluorscent protein). T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Resistance to the use of biological products from cattle for human therapy is, in part, a result of potential prions in bovine tissues. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microinjection of a transgene is the primary method for transgenic animal production in what species? |
|
Definition
a. cattle
b. sheep
c. pigs
(a-c, all of the above)
Microinjection of DNA into 1-cell embryo is the most common method for mammals |
|
|
Term
| Proposed milk modifications might include: |
|
Definition
a. changes in lactose composition
b. changes in casein composition
c. addition of lactoferrin
(a-c, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial fermentation is a highly effective method for production of mammalian glycoproteins. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transgenic animals can carry genes from: (what organisms?) |
|
Definition
a. bacteria
b. viruses
c. animals
d. plants
(a-d, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| One goal of manipulation of milk composition using transgenesis is: |
|
Definition
to facilitate post-harvest milk processing
(NOT to facilitate biopharmaceutical production) |
|
|
Term
| Stably integrated transgenes: |
|
Definition
| can be passed from parents to offspring |
|
|
Term
| Transient expression of a transgene (non-stable integration) is detrimental to the individual. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GloFish are not legally available in the United States. |
|
Definition
False
(But all GMO fish incl. GloFish are illegal in California) |
|
|
Term
| PGF is produced by the uterine endometrium by activation of the PIP2 pathway by binding of _______ to its receptor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is ________ of gestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat, extension of progesterone production beyond mid-gestation for support of pregnancy occurs as a result of the action of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2D-PAGE separates proteins based on... |
|
Definition
| a and b: a-pI; b-molecular weight |
|
|
Term
| The embryonic luteotropin in primates binds to _______ receptors in the CL. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic signal for pregnancy recognition in primates is produced by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The agent responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic product responsible for maternal recognition in primates... |
|
Definition
| none of the above. (above=chorioallantoic gonadotropin; placental gonadotropin; amnionic gonadotropin) correct answer would have been human (or other ape) chorionic gonatotropin. |
|
|
Term
| Luteotropic pregnancy recognition mechanisms involve direct support of luteal function: True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of _______ in the pig. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be derived from: |
|
Definition
a. morula
b. blastocysts
c. inner cell mass
(a-c, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| Gene targeted ES cells are converted into embryos by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells: (list characteristics) |
|
Definition
a. can be induced to differentiate in culture
b. are immortal cells lines
c. are capable of forming teratocarcinomas
(a-c, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be produced from cells of the inner cell mass. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Targeted gene manipulation in ES cells allows: |
|
Definition
a. testing of transgene constructs
b. verification of correct transgene insertion
c. control of transgene copy number
(a-c, all the above) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the ability to differentiate into most cell types of the body
(cf. totipotency) |
|
|
Term
| Embryonic stem cells can be used to produce transgenic animals. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iPS cells can be potentially advantageous for cell replacement therapy because they can be made: |
|
Definition
| to be isogenic with the patient |
|
|
Term
| In Britian, human animal cloning is permitted as long as embryos remain in preimplantation stages. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induced pluripotent stem cells |
|
|
Term
| In cattle, the incidence of abnormal offspring syndrome can reach 65%. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Issues with nuclear transfer offspring can include: |
|
Definition
a. excessively large size
b. abnormalities in placental development
(a and b) |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for producing a nuclear transfer zygote include: |
|
Definition
an enucleated oocyte
Specifically:
Mature enucleated oocyte (MII)
Donor Cell with nucleus
Electricity to fuse
Culture to blastocyst stage
Recipient female |
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloning between humans and animals is permitted in some European nations. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloning between humans and animals cannot be legally performed in the United States. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inter-species cloned animals have mitochondria from the donor cell cytoplasm. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inter-species NT was first accomplished in the 1970s. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Donor sources for nuclear transfer can include: |
|
Definition
a. blastomeres
b. ES cells
c. somatic cells
(a-c, All of the above) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. progation of transgenic animals
c. creation of genetically identical individuals
(a and c) |
|
|
Term
| Repeated cloning of a cloned animal can be successfully accomplished. |
|
Definition
True
(up to 5 generations) |
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the sheep is _____ of gestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mares, pregnancy recognition likely involves |
|
Definition
a. secretion of PGs by the conceptus
b. trans-uterine migration
c. secretion of estrogen and proteins
(a-c, all of the above) |
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is _____ of gestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic luteotropin in primates binds to ____ receptors in the CL. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the cow is _____ of gestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic signal for pregnancy recognition in primates is produced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In sheep and cattle the embryonic signal for MRP is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Species that utilize luteotropic mechanisms for pregnancy recognition include |
|
Definition
a. rats
b. primates
(Both a & b) |
|
|
Term
| The embryonic product responsible for maternal recognition in primates: |
|
Definition
a. chorioallantoic gonadotropin
b. placental gonadotropin
c. amnionic gonadotropin
(NOT a-c, none of the above)
Answer is Chorionic Gonadotropin |
|
|
Term
| Anti-luteolytic pregnancy recognition mechanisms involve passive extension of the CL lifespan. T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The embryonic luteotropin in primates binds to ___ receptors in the CL |
|
Definition
| LH receptors - The embryonic leuteotropin in primates is CG (in humans hCG) |
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a periods of ___ in cattle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The agent responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare is ___ of gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of ____ in the human |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In mares, pregnancy recognition likely involves... |
|
Definition
| All of the above: secretion of PGs by the conceptus, trans-uterine migration and secretion of estrogen and proteins |
|
|
Term
| A precursor of PGF synthesis in the uterine endometrium is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of ____ in the sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rat, extension of progesterone production beyond mid-gestation for support of pregnancy occurs as a result of the action of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the cow is ____ of gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig is ____ of gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the sheep is ____ of gestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of ____ in the rat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of ____ in the pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CL is required for pregnancy maintenance for a period of ____ in the mare |
|
Definition
| 40-50 days for the primary CL, until about 150 days for the secondary CL. After 150 days the placenta takes over |
|
|
Term
| What type of avian follicle secretes progesterone to stimulate ovulation? |
|
Definition
| Granulosa cells of F1 follicle |
|
|
Term
| What type(s) of avian follicle secrete androgens as a precursor for estrogen secretion? |
|
Definition
| Theca cells of F2-F4 follicles |
|
|
Term
| What type(s) of avian follicle secrete estrogen to increase vitellogenesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
