Term
| term describing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule collectively |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized epithelial cells found on the glomerular capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary foot processes of podocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| lumen of Bowman's capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship between pedicels of adjacent podocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| pedicels fuse to this structure |
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Definition
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Term
| porous cell type found within glomerular capillaries |
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Definition
| fenestrated endothelial cell |
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Term
| thin, negatively charged membrane located between adjacent pedicels |
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Definition
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Term
| urine formation involves movement of fluid from glomerular capillary lumen through a multiunit barrier consisting of the following layers |
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Definition
glomerular capillary endothelial layer
glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
filtration slit diaphragms |
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Term
| pores of the glomerular capillary endothelial layer are covered in this negatively charged coating |
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Definition
| polyanionic surface glycoprotein |
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Term
| reason why blood cells should NOT be found in urine |
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Definition
| pores in glomerular capillary endothelial layer are too small |
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Term
| components found in basal lamina/glomerular basement membrane |
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Definition
| type IV collagen & proteoglycans |
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Term
| syndrome seen as a result of an inherited mutation in genes that encode type IV collagen; results in hearing disorders and kidney disease |
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Definition
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Term
| distance between adjacent podocyte foot processes |
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Definition
| fenestration slit/slit pore |
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Term
| larger artery from which the afferent arteriole branches off of |
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Definition
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Term
| term describing fluid that enters Bowman's space/capsule from the capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| term describing fluid once it moves into the tubule |
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Definition
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Term
| examples of low molecular weight organic solutes that are found at the same concentrations in both glomerular ultrafiltrate and plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| major protein found in blood; made in liver; exerts a major pulling force to hold fluid in capillaries; is a sign of kidney damage when found in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| differences in these two attributes are vastly different when comparing final urine to glomerular ultrafiltrate |
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Definition
| volume & solute concentration |
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Term
| two processes that change the composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate as it passes through segments of the tubule |
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Definition
| tubular secretion & tubular reabsorption |
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Term
| 3 things normally NOT seen in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| volume of filtrate formed per unit time |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Term
| normal value of GFR in a young adult male |
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Definition
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Term
| value of total plasma volume |
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Definition
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Term
| times plasma is filtered each day |
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Definition
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Term
| high GFR allows ____ of large amounts of waste products and foreign substances in urine at a fast rate |
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Definition
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Term
| normal value of RBF in a typical adult |
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Definition
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Term
| % of the total CO that the kidneys receive |
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Definition
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Term
| % of total body weight which the kidneys make up |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| defined as fraction of blood volume due to cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RPF will always be ___ in comparison to RBF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| describes fraction of RPF that is filtered |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| normal value of filtration fraction |
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Definition
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Term
| effect on filtration fraction when increasing the GFR while keeping RPF the same |
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Definition
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Term
| effect on filtration fraction when decreasing RPF while keeping GFR the same |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 major qualities which the filtration barrier is selective to |
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Definition
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Term
| filtration barrier does not generally allow large, ____-charged molecules to pass through |
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Definition
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Term
| normal healthy kidneys lose up to __ mg of albumin per day |
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Definition
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Term
| % albumin reclaimed by proximal tubule |
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Definition
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Term
| condition resulting when 30-300 mg albumin per day is excreted in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| condition resulting when more than 3.5 g per day is excreted in urine; associated with foamy urine |
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Definition
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Term
| glomerular disease characterized by effacement of foot processes of the podocytes; loses "negative charges" of filtration barrier; associated with albumin in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| glomerular disease characterized by thickening of basement membrane and damage to foot processes; result of 15-20 year diabetes; associated with more protein in urine and a lower GFR |
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Definition
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Term
| glomerular disease characterized by immune-complex deposits between podocytes and basement membrane; associated with protein in urine |
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Definition
| membranous glomerulopathy |
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Term
| syndrome characterized by immune mediated inflammation and RBCs/tubular casts in urine (hematuria); mild to moderate protein in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria and loss of albumin in serum; associated with generalized body edema; tend to see hyperlipidemia in these patients; |
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Definition
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Term
| cells believed to play a phagocytic role and provide some structural support to the glomerular capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle cells with receptors for these |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hydraulic permeability * filtering surface area = |
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Definition
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Term
| Kf of kidneys is much ____ than in all other capillaries of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| a high ___ is important for rapid rate of fluid filtration in kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| factors that favor filtration (2) |
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Definition
hydrostatic P in glomerular capillaries
oncotic P in Bowman's Space |
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Term
| factors that oppose filtration (2) |
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Definition
hydrostatic P in Bowman's Space
oncotic P in glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| (P GC + II BS) - (P BS + II GC) = |
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Definition
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Term
| a pulling or colloid osmotic pressure exerted by large molecules (proteins) |
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Definition
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Term
| filtration results in a net fluid movement ___ capillary & into Bowman's Space |
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Definition
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Term
| reason why II BS should be 0 in a normal individual |
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Definition
| proteins are too large & cannot cross filtration barrier |
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