Term
| 3 general functions of the kidney |
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Definition
metabolic functions
endocrine/paracrine functions
excretory functions |
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Term
| metabolic process of synthesizing glucose from amino acids; occurs in the kidney & liver |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 hormones produced by kidney |
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Definition
calcitriol
erythropoietin (EPO)
renin |
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Term
| 3 excretory functions of kidney |
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Definition
clear body of metabolic products
clear body of foreign substances
regulation of body fluids & maintain homeostasis |
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Term
| vitamin D is inactive until converted to this; also identified as 1,25 (OH)2 Vit D |
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Definition
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Term
| enzyme found in renal proximal tubular cells; responsible for final activation phase of calcitriol production |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 processes that calcitriol enhances |
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Definition
Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney
Ca2+ absorption from GI tract
Ca2+ resorption from bone |
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Term
| formation of calcitriol is stimulated by this hormone |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| hormone produced by kidneys that stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| EPO release is stimulated by a reduction in this |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic renal disease results in this condition due to low EPO production |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for anemia resulting from low EPO production |
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Definition
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Term
| enzyme of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) |
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Definition
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Term
| cells in kidney which produce renin |
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Definition
| juxtaglomerular (JG) granular cells |
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Term
| renin catalyzes formation of this molecule from angiotensinogen |
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Definition
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Term
| rate limiting molecule in the formation of angiotensin II |
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Definition
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Term
| potent vasoconstrictor in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| end physiological result of activation of RAS; result of holding onto more NA+ & H2O in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| location where angiotensin-converting enzyme is found at high levels |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 metabolic products cleared by the kidneys |
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Definition
uric acid
creatinine
urea
metabolites of hormones |
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Term
| elevated levels of this metabolic product can lead to encephalopathy |
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Definition
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Term
| precipitates of this metabolic product can lead to gout |
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Definition
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Term
organ which provides main route for clearance of:
1. drugs and their metabolites
2. pesticides
3. food additives |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 ways in which kidneys regulate of body fluids |
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Definition
volume (controls blood pressure)
osmolality of plasma
electrolyte balance
acid-base balance |
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Term
| "pacemaker" cells may be present in this part of the kidney; these cells trigger peristalsis of ureters to move urine into bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| at this volume in the bladder, the desire to void occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| at this volume in the bladder, a person becomes uncomfortable |
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Definition
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Term
| at this volume in the bladder, pain is felt |
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Definition
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Term
| distention of the bladder induces a reflex contraction of ___ & relaxation of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| condition in males which causes incomplete emptying of the bladder |
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Definition
| benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) |
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Term
| these molecules coat the inside of the bladder to prevent absorption of toxic substances found naturally within the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
functional unit of kidney;
made of the following structures: vascular segment tubular segment renal corpuscle where tuft of vascular capillaries (glomerulus) is surrounded by Bowman's capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| type of nephron near kidney surface |
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Definition
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Term
| type of nephron near border of cortex & medulla |
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Definition
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Term
| cell type found in kidney tubules |
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Definition
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Term
| location of ALL glomeruli |
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Definition
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Term
| unique vascular set up in glomeruli |
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Definition
| afferent *arteriole-->capillary-->efferent *arteriole |
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Term
| significance of arteriole-->capillary-->arteriole vascular set up in glomeruli |
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Definition
| maintains high P in capillaries; allows for filtration to occur |
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Term
| specialized cell type located where nephron tubule comes back in contact with vascular segment of nephron for a second time |
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Definition
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Term
| peritubular capillaries which are associated with juxtamedullary nephrons |
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Definition
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Term
| arterioles leading INTO glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
| arterioles leading AWAY from glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
| filtration + secretion - reabsorption = ? |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of molecules from peritubular capillary or interstitial space INTO tubular lumen of nephron; opposite of reabsorption |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of substance from the body |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of molecules from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of molecules from tubule into peritubular capillaries; back into body; opposite of secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| example of a substance that is 100% reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| example of a substance that is ~50% reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| % of filtered water that is reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| % of filtered sodium that is reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| % of filtered potassium that is reabsorbed |
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Definition
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