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Definition
Filters that remove metabolic products and toxins from the blood. Produce hormones involved in erythrogenesis, calcium metabolism, and regulation of blood pressure and flow. Divided into three regions, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis |
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Definition
| Tube that conducts urine from the Kidneys to the Urinary Bladder by peristaltic waves conducted along a syncytium of smooth muscles cells. |
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Definition
| Acts as a temporary reservoir for the urine until it can be removed. Holds up to about 600 mL. |
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Definition
| Tubular structure that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside. |
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Definition
| Part of Kidney, contains glomeruli, blood vessels and capillaries, and larger number of renal tubules. |
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Definition
Part of Kidney. Contains no glomeruli and consists of parallel arrangment of renal tubules and small blood vessels. Typically divided into 8 to 18 conically shaped pyramids. |
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Definition
| Expansion of the upper end of a ureter |
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Definition
| Extension of cortical tissue that dips down into the medulla between renal pyramids. |
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| Subdivision of the Renal Medulla. The tip of each pyramid terminates in the renal pelvis. |
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Definition
| Functional unit of the Kidney. Fixed, irreplacable number set at birth, typically 800,000 to 1,200,000 per Kidney. Composed of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. Two types of nephrons, cortical and juxtamedullary. |
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Term
| Cortical (superficial) Nephrons |
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Definition
| ~90% of all nephrons. Located with the glomerulus near the surface of the Kidney. Very short loops of Henle. Handles fluid and solute reabsorption of the renal cortex. |
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Definition
| Consists of Bowman's Capsule, Glomerulus, Afferent and Efferent Arterioles |
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Definition
| Network of blood capillaries that filter the blood. The filtrate enters the bowmans capsule. |
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Definition
| Cup-shaped top of nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. Filtrate passes through to the proximal convoluted tubule. |
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Definition
| Carries unfiltered blood into the Glomerulus |
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Definition
| Carries filtered blood away from the Glomerulus. |
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Definition
| Divided into Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule, and Collecting Duct. |
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Term
| Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
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Definition
| First segment of renal tubule. Lies nearest to the tubules origin from Bowman's Capsule. Primary site for Tubular Reabsorption. |
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Definition
| Consists of a Straight Decending Limb, Hairpin Loop, and a Straight Ascending Limb. |
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Definition
| Part of Tubule nearest to the Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle. Extension of the Ascending Limb. |
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Definition
| Straight Part of a Renal Tubule. Distal Tubules of several Nephrons join together here. |
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Definition
| Provide capillary networks for tubules located in the medulla. Formed from Efferent Arterioles from Juxtamedullary Glomeruli. |
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Definition
| First step in formation of urine. Glomerulus ultrafiltrates blood plasma. Average filtration rate ranges from 90-140 mL/min for men and 80-125 mL/min for women. |
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| Glomerular Filtration Barrier |
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Definition
| Determines the composition of plasma ultrafiltrate during Glomerular Filtration. |
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Definition
| Hypothetical volume of plasma from which the Kidney removes all of a substance per unit time. Used to measure GFR. |
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Definition
| Process where substances are returned to the blood from the renal tubules. |
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Term
| Tubular Transport Maximum (Tm) |
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Definition
| Upper limit for the amount of substance than can be transported (e.g. reabsorbed) per unit time. |
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Definition
| When the RBF and GFR are held constant over systemic mean arterial pressure range 90 - 200 mmHg |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| Hormone that controls water excretion by the kidneys by facilitating the reabsorption of water by the collecting tubule and duct. Primary target is the collecting tubule and duct. |
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Term
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) |
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Definition
| Synthesized by myocardial cells of the atrium. Released by stretch of the atrium. Increases sodium and water excretion. Inhibits ADH, Aldosterone and Renin secretion/effects. Causes vasodilation within the Kidney |
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Definition
| Lipid molecules, prevent excessive reductions in renal blood flow and renal ischemia. |
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Definition
| When the Kidney's shut down and no longer make urine. Blood is not cleaned of waste. If it's acute renal failure where it develops suddenly, it can cause death in days. |
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Term
| Renal Plasma Clearance of PAH |
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Definition
| Test that measures total blood flow to the Kidneys |
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Definition
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| Plasma Creatine Concentration |
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Definition
| Test that provides an index of renal function |
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| Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate of Blood Albumin |
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Definition
| If this test level is slightyl higher than normal it often indicates the first sign of renal damage caused by diabetes or hypertension |
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Term
| Plasma Urea Concentration |
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Definition
| Inability to excrete urea in addition to acidosis (high H+) and elected K+ concentration which may lead to uremic coma and death. |
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Definition
| Process of cleaning blood externally as treatment terminal renal failure. Small molecules and ions such as water, urea, and potassium diffuse into injected solution which is then drained and discarded. |
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Term
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Definition
| Artificial Kidney used usually three times a week for 4 to 6 hours. Cannot correect anemia, difficult in controlling hypertension, risk for infection and hemorage, costly, doesn't maintain normal growth and development in children. |
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