Term
| What is the average total body water of an animal |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main pathways for water movement? (3) |
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Definition
Diffusion across lipid bilayers
Aquaporins (kidneys, intestines)
Pores/intercellular gaps (glomerulus) |
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Term
| What is osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
| The hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the movement of water across a membrane, down a concentration gradient. |
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Term
| What is osmotic gradient? |
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Definition
| The difference in concentration of solutes on either side of a mmb |
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Term
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Definition
| The concentration of solutes that are exerting osmotic force in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between osmolarity (calculated mmol/L of water) and osmolality (measured mmol/kg of water). |
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Term
| If the osmolar gap is elevated, what does this mean? |
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Definition
| toxin likely present in the blood |
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Term
| What is the difference between osmolarity and tonicity? |
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Definition
Osmolarity = [%] of ALL solutes in solution
Tonicity = only considers osmotically active solutes (ones which cannot readily cross membranes, and therefore influence water movement) |
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Term
| What are starling forces? |
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Definition
forces that cause net fluid movement across capillary membranes
Hydrostatic Pressure
Oncotic pressure |
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Term
| If an animal has low protein levels in their blood, will fluid move into the interstitial space, or in to the blood vessels? What does this lead to? |
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Definition
in to the interstitial space (won't have enough oncotic pressure to keep the water in)
results in edema! |
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Term
| What is the major ion that determines fluid balance in the ECF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major ion that determines fluid balance in the ICF? |
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Definition
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Term
| When it comes to short-term regulation of body fluids, what 'compartment' does this take place in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary determinant of water requirements? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased total plasma protein indicates... |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes are more profound decrease in blood volume, loss of water, or loss of water and ions? |
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Definition
Water + Ions
The difference between ECF and ICF ion concentration isn't significant enough to draw both water and ions from the ICF to ECF. Ion concentration equilibrium is restored without restoring blood volume, so blood volume is reduced overall and hypovolemia will result |
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Term
| What is balanced/unbalanced fluid therapy? |
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Definition
Balanced = composition of fluid mimics ECF composition
Unbalanced = not similar to ECF |
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Term
| What is the difference between crystalloids and colloids in fluid therapy? |
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Definition
Crystalloids are solutions that contain electrolyte and non-electrolytes, which can enter all body fluid compartments.
Colloids are substances with larger molecular weight, which are restricted to the plasma compartment |
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Term
| What does an isotonic solution do to ECF/ICF? |
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Definition
| increases ECF volume, but has no osmotic effect to move fluid to the ICF |
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Term
| What does a hypotonic solution do to ECF/ICF? |
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Definition
| Will dilute the ECF (decrease osmolality), driving more fluid in to the ICF. This increase volume of ECF and ICF |
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Term
| What does a hypertonic solution do to ECF/ICF? |
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Definition
| Increases ECF osmolality, drawing fluid from the ICF to the ECF |
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