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| The Medici were a wealthy Florentine family who owned the most profitable bank of the Renaissance and supported most of the artists of the Renaissance |
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| Humanists are scholars who study the humanities (grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric) by reading classical texts. These scholars emphasize personal achievement. |
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| Francesco Petrarch was a man famous for his desire to have people study the classics of Greek and Roman literature. |
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| Niccolo Machiavelli was a political writer of the Renaissance who wrote "The Prince". He believed ends justified the means and that rulers should use fear instead of loyalty to govern. |
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| Baldassare Castiglione was the writer of The Book of Courtier, which described appropriate behavior for people of the Renaissance. |
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| Painter responsible for Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, also architecture medicine and science. |
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| The man responsible for the printing press, making written works including the Bible available to the public. |
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| Dutch scholar who combined Christian and Renaissance ideas in his writing |
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| English humanist who wrote Utopia, describing the ideal society. |
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| English playwright who combined familiar plots with poetic drama. |
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| Indulgences were sold to wealthy sinners who thought they could pay for redemption of their sins by the church. Indulgences were a method of attaining funds for the church that the Protestants disapproved of. |
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| Martin Luther began Lutheranism because he objected to the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| Protestants were followers of the idea that the people could read the bible without a priest to interpret it for them. |
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| Sects are societies of people who gather usually with a preacher as their leader. |
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| The Anglican Church was the church created by Henry VIII when he couldn't get a divorce. |
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| The name given to Lutherans in Geneva, Switzerland |
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| The idea that God had decided at the beginning of time who would be saved. It was significant because it created an elite group of individuals within society who considered themselves holy. |
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| The Catholic church's response to the reformation. They intended to clarify their doctrines and make the religion more spiritual. |
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| The council of trent was part of the counter-reformation, a meeting of important religious figures to clarify church doctrines and revive the Catholic church. |
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| Renee Descartes argued that everything had to be proved except for basic truths. One of his truths was "I think, therefore I am". |
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| John Calvin was a protestant who shared ideas with Martin Luther but also disagreed with him on certain things. His followers eventually became the Puritans. He made Geneva a theocracy. |
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| Proposed heliocentric theory, planets revolve around sun, but was unable to prove. |
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| Created telescope, proved heliocentric theory, was forced to reclaim his beliefs in Inquisition, played a main part in the Scientific Revolution |
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| Newton wrote a book that combined the theories of Galileo, Copernicus, and Kepler about the laws of motion and a universal gravitation that explained the movements of objects on earth and of the planets. |
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| What factors caused the Italian Renaissance? |
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-A renewed interest in greek and roman literature and life
-Crusades brought Italians into contact with the Byzantine people because the pope lived in italy
-Italian merchants had money, were able to act as patrons to artists and scholars
-Developments in the Middle East and Africa in science and medicine sparked interest in the Italian soldiers
-Italy had just come out of the dark ages and needed to do something different |
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| Explain how Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo challenged traditionally held views and developed the heliocentric theory. |
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-Copernicus thought it was more likely to be the sun as the center because of ancient texts
-Kepler tried to prove heliocentric theory mathematically, eventually realized ellipses were orbits not circles
-Galileo invented telescope, which allowed him to see that the planets moved around the sun |
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| Explain how the work of three different artists/architects were characteristic of the Renaissance |
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| Leonardo da Vinci: used realism, a common theme in renaissance art, Petrarch: studied humanist texts, humanism was a theme of the renaissance, Andrea del Verrocchio: was innovative, unlike anything before him therefore representing new ideas that were key to the renaissance |
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