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| Despots who ruled city states in Italy |
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| A group of merchants who ruled city states in Italy |
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| Powerful family during the Italian Renaissance |
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| The son of Pope Alexander VI who invaded other places to add land to the Papal States |
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| Italian humanist who wrote "The Prince" this book addressed the question of what makes a good leader. |
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| the book that Machiavelli wrote that gives guidelines to leaders of society |
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| Dominican friar who denounced the church and was later executed |
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| Series of wars between the kings of France and Charles V which promoted the cause of Protestantism and promoted the political fragmentation of the German Empire. |
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| Humanist who believed he was living in a golden age |
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| A form of thinking that promoted personality, uniqueness, genius, and the full utilization of one’s abilities. |
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| Type of thinking that emphasized human beings, achievements, interests, and capabilities. |
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| He believed that man possess great dignity since they were made in the form of God |
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| The book that Mirandola wrote which stressed his beliefs about man |
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| A concern with the material world rather than the spiritual world |
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| Pioneered the use of perspective in painting |
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| Renaissance artist who painted the Sistine chapel and made the famous sculpture "David." |
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| He designed the massive dome on the Florentine cathedral. |
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| Renaissance artist who was paid 200 florins a year to work. This compared with the 500 florins the head of the government makes. |
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| Artistic technique used to make a picture seem 3 dimensional. This technique was pioneered in the Renaissance time period. |
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| wrote "The Courtier" a book describing how to form the ideal gentleman |
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| A book with guidelines on how to become the ideal gentleman. The book stated that you need education and familiarity with dance, the arts, mathematics, sports, and speaking and writing eloquently. |
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| Guttenberg, Fust, & Schoffer |
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| These people invented the printing press |
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| A woman philosopher who thought about the role of women during the Renaissance. She believed that women had the potential to do as much as men |
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| Designed to eradicate Sodomy in Florence. It was a board of six merchants/bankers/professional men. |
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| The author of the book "Utopia," which is about a perfect society that is located on an island off the coast of the New World. |
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| A book describing the perfect society, written by Thomas More. This society has a emphasis on a balance between education and labor. The title, which means nothing, shows that this kind of society can never happen. |
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| A Dutch Humanist who wrote the Praise of Folly, a book that lampoons worldly wisdom. In the book, he asks for a return to the simple faith of children. In his books, the themes of education and the philosophy of Christ make recurring appearances. |
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| A satire against worldly wisdom. This book pleas for a return to the simple faith of children. |
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| Rabelais was a French Humanist who used humor to get his point across. |
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| A book written by Rabelais which parodied French society. Gargantua was a giant who had a son named Pantagruel. They travel and meet a bunch of people who are supposed to represent different social classes in France. |
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| A Flemish painter. One of the first to use oil paints successfully. |
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| Revived the monarchy in France. He played a huge role in France’s recovery from the 100 years war. He remolded the army, reconciled the Burgundians and Armagnacs, and strengthened royal funds with new taxes. |
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| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges |
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| Established French liberties. Affirmed the special rights of the French Crown over the French Church. |
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| The Spider king. He used money to bolster industries and increase his power. Through skillful marriages and invasions, he added a vast amount of territory to France. |
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| Revoked the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges and canceled the superiority of a council over the pope. In return, the Pope recognized the right for French kings to appoint bishops and abbots. |
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| A civil war fought in England between house Lancaster and house York. This war only had negative effects on England. |
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| The King of England from 1485-1509. He used royal councils to undermine the power of the nobles. They were often excluded from his court of advisors. He built up the monarchy using Machiavellian methods. |
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| A court that operated with harsh methods to crack down on nobles. They used similar methods to the Romans. Even though the court was contrary to English common law, it reduced the amount of noble troublemaking by a great deal. |
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| Monarchs whose marriage unified Spain. They funded Christopher Columbus’ trip to America. They are credited with strengthening the power of the monarchy. |
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| Spanish Parliament. Used by confederations that were not completely unified. |
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| Brotherhoods, or groups of people given authority to be police and judges |
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| Jews who became Christians. These groups of people were discriminated against. |
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| A religious institution used to politically unify Spain. This later served to persecute Protestants and Muslims. |
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