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the completely other thing, the completely different
numinous = supernatural filled with sense of divinity |
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| experience of the appareance of the lord |
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| type of heirophany in which Mother Mary appears |
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| American Civil Religion idea modeled after ancient Israelites; we are God's chosen people |
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| we have a covenant with God; we are blessed |
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| Western construction of what we think is Eastern |
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| when Asians present "authentic" Asian traditions; these traditions they learned were heavily influenced by the west; Asians teaching Orientalism thinking it is authentic |
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| when Asians assume that ethnically Asian teachers are better than non-Asian teachers about Asian traditions, even though the Asian teachers could be Secondary Orientalists |
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| Mysterium Tremendum Et Fascinans |
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| fearful and fascinating mystery; compelled to mystery of unknown |
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| 2 Types of Definitions of Religion |
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1. Functional: what does religion do for society a) Positive b) Negative
2. Substantial: what is religion and why does it exist |
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| spirits V God; westerners - superman; orients - ghosts |
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| ideological function of religion |
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a) conservative: preserve status quo
b) progressive: way to resist authority and make change |
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| Bellah's argument about Civil Religion |
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| religious dimension of the American people; themes from old myths of Hebrew scriptures; chosenness and covenant; American Exceptionalism; used politically; not a specific religion like Christianity |
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belief that we have the freedom to do what we want because we were the "chosen country"; arrogant
error: we now realize we are vulnerable to bad things too |
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| learned through Secondary Orientalism from Paul Carus |
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| Iwamura's argument about function of Oriental Monk |
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| create connection between the US and the Orient nation |
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| there are only 3 religions (PCJ); after WWII you had to belong to one of those religions to be American; about the longing to be a part of something rather than the religion |
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| Naturalization Act of 1790 |
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Definition
in order to be naturalized you must be:
white, free, of good moral character, and a resident for 2 years |
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| Emergency Quota Act of 1921 |
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| limits immigration to 3% of nation of origin as counted in the 1910 census |
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| Racial Formation Theory example; girl for Louisiana who's birth certificate said she was black even though she was clearly white in appearance; Law of Hypodescent-one drop rule |
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| south Asian (Indian) and lawyer argued he was European (Indo-Euro) in order to comply with 1790 Nat Act; court ruled because of "common sense" he was Asian b/c he looked Asian |
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| CA Civil Code, Section 60 |
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Definition
| marriages between whites and blacks are illegal; in 1880 Mongolians were included |
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| Filippino man who challenged section 60; caught wife cheating so he killed the man; wife wanted to testify and said marriage was void b/c he was Asian; racial formation-state could decide his race to benefit them |
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| fought so a Malay man could marry a white girl; Filipinos who were considered Mongolian can now classify themselves as Malay |
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| Asian Exclusion Act; limits 2% of nation of origin as counted in 1890 census; if you were ineligible for citizenship you were denied; Nat Act-only whites |
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| Max Muller, The Sacred Books of the East |
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| responsible for the most influential translation of texts in English |
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| construction of the list of world religions |
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| Orientalism created the list; mostly "isms"; in a way formed from the Westerner's Eurocentric POV; all religions have text |
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using the apparatus of culture to control a population; culturally learned ideas that society regards as natural
idea that democracy is the best form of government; Civil Religion |
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| World Parliament of Religion 1893 |
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Definition
| sought to bring together the 10 major tradition sof the world to share with the general public; birthday for Buddhism in the US |
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| 2 Birthdays for Buddhism in US |
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Definition
1893: World Parliament of Religion
1853: first Chinese Temple in SF |
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Term
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1) Theravada: based on the teachings of Buddha
2) Mahayana: emphasizes universal compassion and selflessness; bodhisattva=almost nirvana
3) Vajrayana: includes spiritual techniques to enhance Buddhist practice |
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| explored the relationship of science and religion; introduced Eastern traditions to the West; sponsored DT Suzuki |
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2 Buddhisms Model
ethnic: cradle
elite: whites, counterculture |
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| AKA elite Buddhism; Americanization of Buddhism; wealthy Americans who have time to experience |
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| Protestantization of Buddhism |
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| when Asian-Americans consciously transform their ritual practices to appear to mimic Protestant Christianity; avoid harrassment |
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