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| the Holocaust, "devastation or destruction" |
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| "The Partisans of Ali," believe in hereditary linage of leaders-successors known as Imams, approx 20% |
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| The evil one who promotes "The Lie," opposite of Ahura Mazda |
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| refers to the name of the God of Israel used in Hebrew Bible |
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| an umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements, particularly those influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe |
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| The Nicene Creed, Christianity, We believe in one God, the Father All Governing, creator of all things visible and invisible |
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| Struggle, 1. against self, 2. for self defense, 3. offensive jihad for religio-political control |
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| aka Day of Atonement, is the holiest and most solemn day of the year for the Jews. Its central themes are atonement and repentance |
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| "righteousness," essentially "natural law" |
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| Wittenberg reformer - posted the "95 Theses" |
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| "handed down," "mystical Judaism" |
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| mostly dealt with Ridda (Apostasy) Wars and United Arabia |
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| figure who brings about the final renovation of the world "The Redeemer," he will raise the dead and banish evil from the earth |
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| the formation of new cultural forms from bits and pieces of cultural practice of diverse origins |
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| followers of the 4 "Rashidun," makes up about 80% |
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| sacred agreements between a god and human beings |
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| means essentially "community" |
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| "study," Mishnah and Gemara combined, Jerusalem and Babylonian (most popular) versions |
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| the chosen person at a mosque who leads the call to prayer |
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| 1. Shahadah - The Major Creed - "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his profit, 2. Sala - Prayer, 3. Seyam - Fasting, 4. Zakat - Alms Giving, 5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kabah in 12th month |
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| German pagan goddess whose Anglo-Saxon month has given its name to the festival of Easter |
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| respected the customs and religions of the lands he conquered. left a lasting legacy on the Jewish religion through his Edict of Restoration |
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| The Hijra is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina |
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| section of the Tanak(h) means "law" or "instruction" |
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| refers to a member of the larger of the two Zoroastrian communities in South Asia, the other being the Irani community. |
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| originally meant "triangle" and was used to refer to various three-cornered shapes |
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| a group with distinctive religious, political or philosophical beliefs |
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| "Recitation," revealed to Muhammad over a period of years and finalized 24 years after his death |
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| Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. |
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| Mystics who wear wool (suf) |
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| an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. |
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| 17 hymns believed to have been composed by Zarathusthra (Zoroaster) himself. They are the most sacred texts of the Zoroastrian faith. |
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| "the movement, migration, or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland" |
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| non-Muslims under Muslim rule |
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| Eastern Orthodox sacraments |
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| have at least 7 sacraments |
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| title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah |
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| "covenant of circumcision" |
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| The Great Schism - Splitting the Eastern and Western Churches |
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| story of the departure of the Israelites from ancient Egypt described in the Hebrew Bible |
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| Reform movement begun in Germany |
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| circular, raised structure used by Zoroastrians for exposure of the dead. |
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| bridge over the Tiber in northern Rome, Italy. It was an economically and strategically important bridge in the era of the Roman Empire and was the site of the famous Battle of Milvian Bridge. |
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| elements of two different historical traditions interact or combine |
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| the set of Jewish dietary laws. |
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| distinctive architectural feature of Islamic mosques, generally a tall spire with an onion-shaped or conical crown, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure. |
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| process of making other peoples Greek, spread Greek culture, art, and language. Project by Alexander the Great |
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| formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church |
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| anglicized spelling of the name for either the month of May or the festival that takes place on the first day of May. |
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| the feast of the Resurrection of the Lord, often linked to the Christian holiday and festival of Easter. also means passover |
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| First three gospels, Matthew, Mark, and Luke,means "to see together" |
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| kingdom divided, Israel in the north and Judah in the south |
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| descendants of medieval German Judaism (speak Yiddish) |
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| the moral code and religious law of Islam |
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| beginning of Rabbinic Judaism |
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Biblical - Based on scriptural texts
Rabbinic |
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| Protestant - 1. Lord's Supper (Eucharist), 2. Baptism |
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| or simply "LXX", is an Ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. |
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| Neopagan - eight festivals, spaced at approximately even intervals throughout the year. |
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| (God-bearer) – officially not "dogma" |
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| The possible "founders" of Christianity |
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| Jesus, Paul and their followers |
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| Gaelic harvest festival, influenced Halloween |
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| "eminence," 114 chapters of Qur'an |
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| bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism |
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| genies are supernatural creatures in Arab folklore and Islamic teachings |
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| Rosh Hashanah ("Jewish New Year") and Yom Kippur ("Day of Atonement") |
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| "New Rome" Christianity in the East |
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| 1. Belief in one God, 2. Beliefs in Angels & Jinn, 3. Belief in the Books of God, 4. Belief the prophets of God, 5. Belief in the Day of Judgement, 6. Belief in the Divine Decrees |
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| "feast of sacrifice" or "Festival of Sacrifice" approx 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan |
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| statement that provides the key moral system in the Neopagan religion of Wicca. "Do what you will, so long as it harms none" |
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| council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia, Its main accomplishments were settlement of the Christological issue of the relationship of Jesus to God the Father |
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| Testimony of faith, the major creed. "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is His prophet" |
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| collective body of Jewish law |
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| "extinction" of self, Sufi |
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| the "separated ones" composed of "common people" |
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| apocalyptic, more than likely the desert monastic community that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls - held no private property |
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| Possible Reasons for the Protestant Reformations |
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| 1. Perceived corruption of RC clergy in southern Europe, 2. Radicalization of the youth via humanism, 3. Technological advances (the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in ca. 1450), 4. Economic upheaval |
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| "talk" or "speech," 2nd only in importance to Qur'an, stories and deeds of the prophet finalized in the 9th and 10 centuries |
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| term used to refer to the first four Caliphs who ruled after the death of Muhammad |
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| coven meeting other than one of the Sabbats within Wicca and other Wiccan-influenced forms of Neopaganism |
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| monotheistic faiths emphasizing and tracing their common origin to Abraham or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with him. Judaism, Islam, Christianity |
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| Passover, Jewish holiday and festival. It commemorates the story of the Exodus, in which the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. |
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| a prophet and the founder of Zoroastrianism |
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| term, used since at least the 4th century BC, to denote a follower of Zoroaster, or rather, a follower of what the Hellenistic world associated Zoroaster with, which was the ability to read the stars, and manipulate the fate that the stars foretold. |
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