Term
| Why is Buddhism Described as a non-theistic religion? |
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Definition
No personal God
No creator God
No unchanging reality
No belief in Hindu Brahman
Buddha =human being who attained full enlightenment through meditation |
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Term
| When did Hinduism Emerge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common features between Jainism and Buddhism? |
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Definition
They both:
Originated in India
Liberation of self from suffering entailed in living in world
Sprang from Kshatriya caste
Denied saving efficacy of Vedas
Denied Vedic ritual observances
Challenged Brahmin priesthood |
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Term
| Common features between Buddhism and Hinduism (elements of Vedic thought in Buddhism) |
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Definition
Notion of ahimsa (non harm)
Notion of rebirth called samsara
Notion of karma (actions and consequences of actions)
Moksha = nirvana in Buddhism
Nirvana = release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner peace |
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Term
| Main differences between Hinduism and Buddhism |
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Definition
Early Buddhist literature shows that Buddhism rejected
Vedas
Vedic practice
Vedic reliance on priests
caste system
gender and social limitations
belief in any permanent spiritual reality |
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Definition
| Way of Elders; Myanmar or Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka |
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Definition
greater vehicle: China, Japan, Korea
Buddha has divine character
Emphasis on his wonders and miracles
There are many other Buddhas, enlightened beings who can help each generation
Everyone is potential Buddha |
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Definition
| (The Tantric School) (or the “Diamond Vehicle” or “vehicle of the lightning bolt”) (Tibet, Mongolia) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Actions and consequences of actions |
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Term
| Main divisions and differences between the three branches of Buddhism |
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Definition
Therevada:
Mahayana:
Vajrayana: |
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Term
| Main location of main branches? |
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Definition
Therevada:
Mahayana:
Vajrayana: |
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Term
| Life of Siddhartha (Gautama) |
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Definition
| (563-483 BCE). He was also called Shakyamuni (Sage of the Shakya clan). He is known under this name especially in East Asia |
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Term
| What is the Great Renunciation? |
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Definition
| When Siddartha Guatama lived the life of an ascetic; left home and all of its comforts. |
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Term
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Definition
| the place of Siddhartha’s enlightenment |
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Term
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Definition
| Varanasi/ Banaras / Benares |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Suffering (dukka) pervades life; 2) Suffering arises from craving (desire, tanha); 3) Suffering ends when craving ceases; 4) Desire can be ended by the eightfold path |
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Definition
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Definition
| Three Jewels, Three Refuges of Buddhism) = I take refuge in the Buddha, in the Dharma, and in the Sangha. It is the vow of Buddhist monks (called bhikshus) |
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Term
| the vow of Buddhist monks |
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Definition
| I take refuge in the Buddha, in the Dharma, and in the Sangha. (called bhikshus) |
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Term
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Definition
| law of the universe; the Buddha’s teaching |
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Term
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Definition
| monastic community; Buddhist community as a whole |
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Definition
The path between two extremes. (The two extremes being - the Brahmins who practiced Vedic rituals in temples and homes (this path appeared to be too worldly)
- the wandering ascetics (this path involved too much suffering). |
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Term
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Definition
[Wisdom (prajna): (1) Right view; (2) Right Aim
Morality (sila): (3) Right Speech (4) Right Action (5) Right Living
Meditation (samadhi): (6) Right Effort; (7) Right Mindfulness; (8) Right Concentration] |
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Definition
| d. 268-239 BCE); Mauryan Empire |
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Term
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Definition
| shrine... (in here twice) |
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Definition
| perfect being; worthy; a person who has reached nirvana |
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Definition
| Three Baskets (Tripitaka or Tipitaka)(80 BCE) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pali Canon; Three Baskets (80 BCE) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between lay people and monks in Theravada Buddhism? |
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Definition
| Lay people build up merit by supporting the monks through their offering and doing good works, so in a later life they would have a better chance to become enlightened. |
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Term
| How do lay people build good karma? |
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Definition
to meditate 48 minutes twice a day, praise the Tirthankaras and venerate teachers, hold a particular position for a length of time to show indifference to the body
- perform daily puja (worship) at home in front of shrines by lighting a lamp in front of images
- fast as monks at least once a year (monks are lay persons who have adopted a severer self-discipline)
- give up certain foods and activities for a length of time
- participate with monks in the events of the Jaina calendar. |
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Term
| How did Mahayana Buddhism spread in East Asia? |
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Definition
| Buddhism entered China through Central Asia in 1st c. CE. The Theravadin emphasis on the monk was not accepted by the Chinese people, who wanted their sons to marry and raise families. Ancestor worship in China made essential the continuation of male heirs. Mongol and Turkic invaders brought a Mahayanist form of Buddhism, compatible with family life and presented attractive pictures of afterlife not present in Confucianism. By the 7th c. CE, Buddhism had gained prominence throughout China. |
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Term
| Why did Mahayana Buddhism spread so successfully? |
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Definition
- Mahayana Buddhism allowed many pre-Buddhist beliefs and practices to survive. Indigenous gods became heavenly Buddhas.
- recognizes that people find themselves at different stages of spiritual evolution. Some need images of gods to pray to, others need a community of devout friends, and a few, silence. |
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Term
| Main scripture of the Mahayanists |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Lotus Sutra's basic message? |
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Definition
It contains sayings of the Buddha.
That truth is the revelation that the historical Buddha is but a manifestation of the real Buddha. The real Buddha is the cosmic Buddha who wants to show compassion for all beings. The Buddha's death was a show. Save others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A future Buddha who vows to return until all sentient beings attain enlightenment |
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Definition
| Bodhisattva of Compassion |
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Term
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Definition
| (China); Kannon (Japan) = Goddess of Mercy |
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Term
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Definition
| (everything has a Buddha nature) |
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Term
| Three Bodies of the Buddha |
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Definition
| (1) Earthly ; (2) Heavenly; (3) Transcendent (Cosmic Buddha) |
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Definition
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Definition
| emptiness of any permanent individual essence |
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Term
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Definition
*Pure Land Schools (in particular: Jodo-Shinshu School)
*Meditative Schools (Zen Buddhism) [zazen (seated meditation), koan (word puzzle)]
*Rationalist Schools (Tian-Tai and Tendai)
*Esoteric or Mystery Schools (Shingon)
*Nichiren |
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Definition
| invites human males and females to experience, through disciplined sexual energy, cosmic forces present in the individual. |
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Definition
| Indigenous animistic religion of Tibet |
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Term
| Five Celestial Self-born (dyani) Buddhas |
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Definition
| Amitabha (west); Vairocana (center) |
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Term
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Definition
| feminine principle of Wisdom, consort of Avalokita |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the Dalai Lama became the temporal and religious leader of Tibet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The present Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatzo |
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Term
| When did the Chinese take control of Tibet? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| How did Buddhism respond to the challenge presented by Western colonialism and values? |
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Definition
- few converted to Christianity
- reformer Buddhists tried to involve the lay society more fully in Buddhist institutions and spiritual practice (meditation). This motivated some to take the place of former royal patrons. |
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Term
| History of Buddhism in India |
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Definition
| consequences of Muslim conquest; mass conversions among “Mahar” untouchable cast in 1950s |
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Term
| Dhammakaya reformist movement in Thailand |
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Definition
| This movement aims at the laity, in particular newly affluent classes. It teaches meditation practices through mass media. It has reduced the ritual complexity of the traditional monastery to a few simple practices. It has also emphasized that money-making is compatible with Buddhism. |
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Term
| Revival of Buddhism in China and Japan |
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Definition
| devotion to bodhisattva Guanyin/Kannon on the rise |
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Term
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Definition
| Many centers have sprung up in the US. The majority of the 5 million Buddhists in the US follow Tibetan Buddhism. |
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Term
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Definition
| "No self;" The doctrine that there is no soul or permanent essence in people and things |
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Term
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Definition
| Impermance, constant change |
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Definition
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Definition
| In Chan and Zend Buddhisim, a question that cannot be answered logically; a technique used to test consciousness and bring awakening. |
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Definition
| A Tibetan Buddhist teacher; a title of honor given to all Tibetan monks. |
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Term
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Definition
| A circular design containing deities, geometrical forms, symbols, and so on that represent totality, the self, or the universe. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| The release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner happiness |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation |
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Term
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Definition
| The community of monks and nuns; lowercase, sangha refers to an individual monastic community |
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Term
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Definition
| The wheel of birth and re-birth |
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Definition
| In Zen, the enlightened awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| A shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark Buddhist relics or sacred sites |
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Term
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Definition
| The Mahayana notion of emptiness, meaning that the universe is empty of permanent reality |
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