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| Which animals legs comprise a larger proportion of the body at birth than any other time |
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| which type of tissue is earliest maturing |
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| which period of growth is the highest |
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| which tissue has the least sigmoidal shaped growth curve |
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| which species is noted for developing the most fat up over the shoulder rather than mid section |
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| which sex group is usually heavier, leaner and less physiologically mature in most species |
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| approximately what percent of feed energy is required for maintenance in meat animals |
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| dietary protein in the ration of growing meat animals is usually _____ during the finishing phase to increase efficiency of production |
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Definition
| decreased (you dont want them to grow fat) |
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| which of the species is usually most affected by feeding low quality protein |
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| what system of frame measurement was discussed as being the most popular in beef cattle |
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| what is a potential problem with central test stations |
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| pre-test handling of animals |
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| reproductive traits would fall into what heritability classifications |
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| most of the important traits selected for in livestock are for _______ reasons |
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| visual of "eyeball" eval is a _________ eval compared to a scale or yardstick |
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| differential growht of body parts is called |
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| two important reasons to have fat on a carcass |
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Definition
| protection and dehydration |
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| the brain, central nervous system, digestive system, etc are referred to as the |
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| the latest developing of the three major carcass tissues is |
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| four different types of fat discussed in class |
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Definition
intermuscular
intramuscular
subqutaneous
KPH |
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| the type of fat generally believed to be deposited last in growing animals is |
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| frame size is most extensively used in what species |
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| ____ is the specific name given to the female that is later maturing than the castrated male of the same species |
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| the specific units of protein used for growth are the |
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| the real time ultrasound is used to measure what two carcass tissues |
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| of the three selection systems that are simplest to use |
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| selecting a smaller group of replacements or going out into the population allows us to increase the size of the ___ ___ thus seeing more change in the trait |
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| the bulk of the variation, seen in lowly heritable traits, is due to the |
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| the traits that have the lowest economic impact are found in what heritability range |
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| growth is best defined as simply an increase in size |
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| the leg bones of swine are nearly 80% developed at birth |
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| most fattening occurs after bone development in complete |
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| animals grow and gain weight ina straight line relationship from conception to maturity |
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| muscle makes considerably less postnatal development when compared to bone |
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| the steepest rise in the growth curve is when muscle is being developed |
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| the earliest fat laid down in animals is known as SUBQ fat |
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| intact males would have a lower protein requirement than females |
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| the greatest increase in muscle from weaning to market is seen in swine |
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Definition
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| physiological age refers to the stage of development of an animal |
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Definition
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| the castrated male is always leaner and later maturing than the female of that specie |
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| the HD 50K DNA test can identify individuals that do or do not have the tenderness and marbling gene plus much more |
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| the combination of both objective and subjective evaluation should result in a more accurate selection process |
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Definition
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| expected progeny differences, EPDs, allows us to have an idea of the genetic make up an animal for certain traits |
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| feeding lower levels of protein during the steep rise in the growth curve allows us to save money without impacting growth |
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Definition
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| performance testing allows us to eliminate the environmental differences between herds and flocks |
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Definition
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| contemporary groups may be made up of all sexes as long as they are born in a 30 day window |
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Definition
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| selection indexes allow us to weight traits by their economic importance |
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Definition
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| little is gained by selecting female replacements when trying to improve a trait in your herd or flock |
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Definition
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| the number of traits selected for speeds improvements in all traits |
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Definition
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| 3 Types of selection systems |
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Definition
Tandem
Selection Indexes
Independent Culling Levels |
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| 2 Good & 1 Bad things about Tandem |
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Definition
Good
-least amount of time
-fast change
Bad
-focus is only on one trait and no one trait is more important than another |
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| 2 Good & 1 Bad thing about Selection Indexes |
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Definition
Good
-choose traits of economic importance
-weight them
-multiple traits
Bad
-due to multiple traits it takes more time to see change |
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| 2 Good & 1 Bad thing about Independent Selection Levels |
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Definition
Good
-you get to chose the trait
-get to set levels of importance
Bad
-if they are outstanding in one trait it does not outweigh being substantial in the chosen trait |
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| What is said about the composition of two animals when one is larger framed than the other? |
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Definition
| The larger framed animal is later maturing due to the size comparison and should be leaner than the smaller earlier maturing animal |
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| why is it important to use both weight and frame size during evaluation |
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Definition
| because weight fails to tell you composition |
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| if the average age of a herd is 16 years old, what is the first problem? |
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Definition
| generation interval is too large and making it so no genetic change can occur |
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