Term
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Definition
| Must be voluntary,spontaneous, intrinsically rewarding,and absorbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recreation refers to the activity, as in participation in recreation or a recreation activity. A recreation activity that has a structured time frame or lacks true voluntary participation may or may not be play. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can refer to any or all of the following: un-obligated time, state of being, and consumption patterns. It is not work but rather an antidote to a person's working life. |
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Definition
| A state of being in which a person I fully engaged in an activity that results in feelings of energy, focus, and success that often turn out to be the optimal life experiences for that individual. |
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Term
| Eight conditions needed to reach flow: |
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Definition
1) requires skill
2) merge action and awareness
3) provide clear goals and feedback
4) require concentration and absorption of attention
5)provide an individual with personal control over the act
6) create a loss of self-consciousness
7) cause a person to lose all track of time, and
8) provide intrinsic rewards |
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Term
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Definition
1) Improved condition
2) Prevention of a worse condition: stem further erosion or deterioration of a human, natural, or economic condition.
3) Realization of a psychological experience: leisure pursuits that people select for the intrinsic values they gain through the experience.Stress reduction,sense of control, and spirituality are examples of these benefits. |
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Term
| 3 categories broken into 4 more categories of values: |
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Definition
1) individual - Broad: full and meaningful life, balance between work and play, life satisfaction, quality of life. Specific: Physical health, emotional well being, lifelong learning, quality of life.
2) social - broad: social bonds and sense of belonging, strong, vitally involved groups and communities, ethnic and cultural understanding and goodwill. Specific benefits: sense of community, awareness and appreciation, social support.
3) environmental - Broad benefits: clean air and water, environmental protection, preservation of nature and historic areas. Specific: health and well being, education, and economic impact.
4) economic - Broad benefits: cost reduction, funds generation, catalyst for development. Specific benefits: cost reduction, increased financial resources, catalyst for economic growth. |
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Definition
Higher up the scale are those recreation pursuits deemed more positive for the individual participant or society overall.
Next level: passive forms of recreation in which the participant is a spectator, as would be the case with amusement and entertainment.
Lowest level: activities detrimental to self or society. |
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Term
| Nash pyramid: The factors that immoral or taboo recreation have in common are likely to include one or more of the following conditions: |
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Definition
1) Is the action or activity detrimental to the person him- or herself?
2) Is the action or activity demeaning or harmful to others?
3) Does the action or activity cause harm to the overall well-being of society? |
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Term
| Changes and trends in leisure result from: |
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Definition
| overall changes in society. These societal changes may eventually result in variation in participation patterns or interest levels in various forms of recreation, referred to as trends. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blurring of life stages, disparities, increased ethnic diversity, work redefined, widespread touch of technology, going green. |
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Term
| The one quality that makes parks, recreation, and leisure both unique and valuable while setting the field apart from other endeavors: |
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Definition
| the voluntary nature of participation along with the promise or potential of fun and enjoyment. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to motivation that comes from outside an individual. The motivating factors are external, or outside, rewards such as money or grades. These rewards provide satisfaction and pleasure that the task itself may not provide. |
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Term
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Definition
| the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prehistoric Societies,Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of soldier, athlete, artist, statesman, and philosopher. Developing all areas was important and made possible because the everyday tasks were done by laborers and slaves so that those freed up to pursue the range of activities became the Athenian Ideal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leisure very important. Plato and Aristotle supported this in their beliefs that virtuous and constructive leisure activities were the route to happiness and fulfillment. |
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Term
| The highest form of Greek leisure: |
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Definition
| Contemplation, which involved the pursuit of truth and understanding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Play was perceived to be essential to the healthy growth of children both physical and social perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| to cease and quiet or peace. Having time for oneself and being occupied in something for its own sake, such as music, poetry, the company of friends, or the exercise of speculative faculties. Embraced the experience and not the outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Athletic games held to celebrate religious rites and heroes, for entertainment, and for pleasure. Only men played sport.Women excluded from public life. |
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Term
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Definition
| included the Olympic Games, Pythian Games, Nemian Games, and the Isthian Games and all are held in honor of the gods. |
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Term
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Definition
| competed individually not on teams and represented their home villages. Fighting to the death was noble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rome conquers the majority of Europe and Asia after 265 BC. Influenced judicial systems and societies it conquered with their own culture. |
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Term
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Definition
based on distinct classifications of citizens. Including:
senators, who were the richest and owned most of the land and power;
curiales, who owned 25 or more acres (10 ha) of land and were office holders or tax collectors;
plebes, or free common men who owned small properties or tradesmen or artisans;
coloni: lower tenants on land.
and indentured slaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Romans perceived leisure to be primarily rest from work. Play served utilitarian rather than aesthetic or spiritual purposes. |
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Term
| One of the reasons for the fall of Rome was: |
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Definition
| it's inability to deal with mass leisure. |
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Term
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Definition
When the Roman Empire eventually collapsed, the Catholic Church became dominant structure in Europe. and they rejected the hedonistic ways of the Romans. Doing nothing was thought to be evil.
Social order of nobility and peasants.
Clergy dictated social values to save souls. |
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Term
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Definition
From 14th century in Italy to the 16th century in northern Europe.
Era saw power shift from church to nobility.
Art encouraged and supported to express their art.
Play important part of education. |
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Term
| Renaissance, Francois Rabelais (1490-1553): |
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Definition
| emphasized the need for physical exercise and games. |
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Term
| Renaissance, Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-1592): |
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Definition
| supported the concept of unity of mind, body,and spirit,opposing the medieval ideal of separation,or dualism, of the mind and body. |
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Term
| Renaissance, John Locke (1632-1704): |
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Definition
| concerned with play as a medium of learning that he made the distinction between play and recreation: recreation was not being idle, it provided a specific benefit by easing and helping to recover the people wearied by their work. |
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Term
| Renaissance, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): |
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Definition
| advocated for the full freedom of physical activity rather than constraint. |
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Term
| Three types of parks emerged during the Renaissance: |
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Definition
1. royal hunting preserves providing wild game hunting
2. formal garden parks where participants viewed their surroundings much as you would experience a museum.
3. English garden parks with a greater emphasis on interacting with the environment through activities such as picnics and other restful pursuits.
These were developed by nobles for their own use and seen as a symbol of status. |
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Term
| Protestant Reformation (16th century) |
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Definition
| Martin Luther and others split off from the catholic church. Each religious group governed the perception of what was acceptable as leisure. Play was frowned on as evil. |
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Term
| Protestant reformer John Calvin |
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Definition
| believed that success on earth determined your place in heaven. Hard work and lack of leisure time were signs of great success. |
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Term
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Definition
established in Jamestown 17th century, was composed of aristocracy, adventurers, and traders.
Loved sports games,theater, books, music, and exercise and continued to pursue these activities once they arrived.
penalties for partaking in Sunday amusements or failure to attend church services included imprisonment.
dancing, fishing, hunting, and card playing were strictly prohibited.
later privileged began to enjoy leisure activities as survival rate increased. |
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Term
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Definition
Calvanists; all forms of recreation were illegal, and the puritan ethic restricted social activities.
Valued frugality, hard work, self-discipline, and observance of civil and religious codes.
Pleasure was the devils work.
Leisure considered a lure to sin and a threat to godliness.
Recreation was tolerated if it could help with work, like quilting bees. |
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Term
| Early Park Development (Colonial Period): |
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Definition
realization that open space was important.
Boston common, 48 acre oasis in the city est in 1634 is first municipal park. |
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Term
| Central Park in New York City |
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Definition
best known example of early urban open-space provision.
Frederick Law Olmsted (founder of American Landscape architecture) designed Central Park in 1858. Organized sports were not permitted. Purpose was to ease the minds of those coming to N America facing pressures of industrial age. |
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Term
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Definition
first adopted by New York City when land was allocated for Central Park in 1855. It's purpose was to provide passive rest and aesthetics.
In 1868, City leaders decided children needed more constructive outlets so they developed the first organized playground program.
First sand garden successful! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Yosemite was taken back by fed gov and became the 2nd. |
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Term
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Definition
| to preserve natural resources far from the centers of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| to preserve natural resources far from the centers of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| participation within urban areas steadily increased in number and variety. |
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Term
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Definition
| disposable income, widespread increase in commercial recreation, and use of recreation as a sign of status. |
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Term
| Works Progress Administration (WPA): |
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Definition
branch of the WPA known as the CCC responsible for construction projects providing a variety of recreation areas never before seen.
It employed enough men to complete: 800 state parks, 46,854 bridges, 28,087 miles of trails, 46000 campground facilities, and 204 lodges and museums, planted more than three billion trees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created after 4,000 men were employed by the CCC in Missouri to construct facilities, then other states followed to create state park systems. |
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Term
| Playground Association of America |
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Definition
| 1906 Jane Addams, Joseph Lee, and Luther Gulick. |
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Term
| National Recreation Association |
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Definition
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Term
| National Park & Recreation Association |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Therapeutic Recreation
Concern for youth fitness
Economic challenges and the impact on national affluence |
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Term
| Why does philosophy matter? |
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Definition
| The term philosophy translates from Greek as "lover of wisdom". Overtime separate disciplines emerged (physics, chemistry, sociology, and anthropology) as knowledge and methods of inquiry have become increasingly complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| concerns questions about the fundamental nature of reality. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a public, objective state of being. or leisure is essentially a private, subjective state of mind. |
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Term
| Neulinger's continuum of leisure |
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Definition
two variables,
perceived freedom: a person thinks that he or she is free
motivation: whether a person believes that his or her motivation is intrinsic or extrinsic. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of knowledge itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| those who think that knowledge is derived from sense perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| those who believe that knowledge comes from ideas generated by our minds. |
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Term
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Definition
is the branch of philosophy concerned with principles and structures of reasoning.
It is the study of the rules of inference that we can use to determine whether our reasons (premises) properly support conclusions that we make.
Inferences (reasoning from premises to conclusions) can take the form of being either deductive or inductive.
Deductive inferences are constructed so that if it is the case that our premises are true then our conclusion has to be true as well.
Inductive inferences are structured so that if our premises are true, then it is likely that our conclusion is true. |
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Term
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Definition
| referred to as critical thinking, assesses how people use reasoning and language to try to persuade others to accept conclusions. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions of the nature of beauty and value that we associate with art and the natural environment. |
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Term
| Ancient Greek, Western pagan, and Judeo-Christian value systems |
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Definition
| regarded wilderness as an alien, threatening environment that was repulsive rather than attractive. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the 18th and 19th centures, a new aesthetic judgment arose toward wilderness. Rather than seeing nature as ugly and evil, the Romantics took the opposite view that wildlands represented the height of divine beauty. |
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Term
| New England Transcendentalists |
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Definition
| believed that profound spiritual truths must be discerned using intuition and imagination rather than rational thought, and they believed that the sublime beauty of nature was a primary pathway to understanding reality. |
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Term
| renewed interest in the aesthetics of natural environment lead to |
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Definition
| National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 |
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Term
| Five branches of philosophy: |
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Definition
Metaphysics
Epistomology
Logic
Aesthetics
Ethics |
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Term
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Definition
| is the most closely allied with leisure. |
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Term
| Plato and Aristotle's ideas about leisure: |
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Definition
| leisure played a critical role in living an optimal style of life. |
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Term
| Plato's (greek) philosophy of leisure |
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Definition
He reasons that a perfectly ordered society would maximize the happiness of its citizens. He thinks that peoples thoughts and actions must be strictly controlled. He proposes a harsh censorship of playful leisure activities that he believes would disrupt the order of a perfect society.
He believed leisure activities are tools to be used to shape the character of citizens of his utopian society. Leisure, recreation,and play would only be encouraged if it had educational or developmental value. |
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Term
| Aristotle's (greek) philosophy of leisure |
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Definition
Women and slaves were not allowed the luxury of leisure.
Leisured class not idle rich, rather striving for perfection.. He defined virtue as a midpoint between the vices of excess and deficiency.
Believed in good habits toward excellence. Ethos (habit) - a behavior or practice we continually engage in throughout our lifetime.
Amusement for sheer pleasure degrades us. |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from Max Weber's book on the Protestant work ethic, which refers to a cultural ideal that regards work as the most important activity in an individual's life. |
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Term
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Definition
| saw the medieval church as a corrupt institution in which the upper echelons of the clergy lived a life of wealth and leisure. |
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Term
| Up until the Reformation, the church followed Aristotle's teachings. |
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Definition
| Clergy lived a life of wealth and leisure. |
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Term
| In their break from the church, Luther and Calvin turned Aristotle's conception of the good life on its head, making work not leisure the foundation of a worthy life. |
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Definition
| They believed in a calling by God to a certain task or occupation. |
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Term
| Russell's Critique of the Work Ethic: |
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Definition
| "In Praise of Idleness", criticizing that work is virtuous. Proposes work sharing with 4 hour work days. We would enter a golden age of leisure. |
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Term
| Pieper's Critique of the Work Ethic: |
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Definition
| Catholic theologian. Book (Leisure). says we no longer know what leisure is because of our work-oriented culture. Our worship of work produces a meaningless, unsatisfying lifestyle. |
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Term
| Veblen's Critique of consumption: |
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Definition
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Term
| Juliet Schor Critique of consumption: |
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Definition
| The Overspent American. People are using credit to live beyond their means and purchasing leisure in small doses. |
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Term
| Aristotelian leisure is based on |
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Definition
| devoting our free time to being the best we can be. |
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Term
| Use of machines are said to enhance our leisure experiences,yet: |
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Definition
| they may also disengage us from our environment and each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| The social connections that support people in times of difficulty and make life more enjoyable in times of leisure. |
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Term
| Diminishing Social Capital is attributed to: |
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Definition
| the changes in society that alter our work and leisure values,such as: tv, two-career families, suburban sprawl, generational change in values. |
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Term
| Ethical Analysis: Three approaches: |
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Definition
consequence-based ethics
duty-based ethics
virtue-based ethics |
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Term
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Definition
| Reading a book, playing solitaire. But solitary leisure does not happen in a vacuum; other people and groups affect our solitary leisure. |
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Term
| Primary Groups in Leisure |
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Definition
| small group in which there are face to face relations of a fairly intimate and personal nature (families and cliques). Organized around ties of friendship or kinship. |
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Term
| Secondary Groups and Leisure |
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Definition
| a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal and impersonal group based on some interest or activity, whose members are likely to interact on the basis of specific roles. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an incredibly important physiological and social phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
| a festival that will celebrate the good news that the men of the tribe have won a running race against another tribe of native americans. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a young man from the Tarahumara tribe in the interior of Mexico. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the biological components of being either male or female. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a social category that includes attitudes, expectations,and expressions of masculinity and femininity.One of the most defining characteristics human beings possess. |
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Term
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Definition
| the balance of both male and female characteristics, has not yet fully arrived to our society. |
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Term
| Russel's 5 conclusions about gender, recreation, and leisure. |
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Definition
1) men continue to experience more depth and breadth.
2) Long-entrenched roles for the different genders affect recreation.
3) Men's leisure time is usually spent outside of the home while woman's is still connected to the home.
4) The burden of family care has a great impact on females; thus, women's leisure and recreation are often quite fragmented.
5) Older women labor under the false belief that leisure must be earned or that they are not entitled to leisure at all. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to biological characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to cultural characteristics |
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Term
| Leisure, ethnicity, and race |
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Definition
| Races may choose not to participate in activities that are stereotyped for other races and may choose activities that adhere more to their cultural norms. |
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Term
| Two reasons why leisure is different for racial and ethnic groups: |
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Definition
1) marginality hypothesis explains lower participation in some activities as the consequence of a history of discrimination, resulting in fewer socioeconomic resources.
2) ethnicity explanation suggests that different rates and patterns of participation are the result of different norms, beliefs, and social organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a personal belief system that may, but most often does not, have a strong social component. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a thoroughly and universally social institution. |
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Term
| Leisure, recreation,and socioeconomic class. |
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Definition
| The individuals of nearly all societies are categorized according to some combination of wealth, power, party affiliation, life chances, and prestige. |
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Term
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Definition
| In India, are very rigid and the boundaries are distinct and movement between the different categories is nearly impossible. |
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Term
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Definition
| developed countries, is much more fluid with overlap between classes and the possibility of movement up and down among the classes. |
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Term
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Definition
| classes are designated according to a combination of income, education, and occupation. |
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Term
| Contemporary industrialized societies comprise four classes: |
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Definition
1) upper class consists of owners of vast property and wealth.
2) middle class made up of managers,small business owners,and professionals.
3) working class is made up of predominantly of laborers who earn modest wages and own little property.
4) people of the lower class are those who either work for minimum wages, are periodically unemployed, or are unemployable. |
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Term
| Subcategories of the social value of recreation include: |
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Definition
| economic, environmental,and recuperation for other activities including productive works. |
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Term
| Structural constraints in leisure include: |
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Definition
time, money, health, and equipment;
intra-personal constraints include:fear, low self-esteem, and attitudes;
interpersonal constraints include: family responsibilities and a lack of partners with whom to share the leisure activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| a philosophy in which individual pleasure is the chief good,recognizes that our consequences have actions that affect our pleasure seeking. |
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Term
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Definition
| activities that might bring pleasure to the individual but would cause harm to society. |
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Term
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Definition
| are the largest segment of the gross domestic national product. |
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Term
| Gross domestic national product |
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Definition
| is the sum of total goods and services manufactured or provided by all businesses, nonprofit orgs, and government entities in a country. |
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Term
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Definition
| constitutional republic, in which the executive branch is elected and the judicial branch is appointed by the chief executive. |
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Term
| Leisure services provided by the NPS in the Dept. of Interior are: |
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Definition
considered both administrative and legislative functions of the national government.
Department head is a cabinet-level position appointed by the president, but department created through legislative action and funding comes from congress. |
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Term
| In the U.S. federal system: |
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Definition
| states have substantial power.They charter businesses, nonprofit orgs, and local governmental units. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a generic term that describes a government group at any any level: national, state, county, city,or other local unit. Can be used to refer to one large unit such as the state or subdivision within the unit such as departments. |
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Term
| Leisure services are provided by three sectors of the economy: |
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Definition
| the private, or commercial,sector; the nonprofits,and local governments deliver leisure services. |
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Term
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Definition
| fist historically to provide leisure services, then nonprofit sector, and last discussed is the public sector (government). |
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Term
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Definition
| commercial recreation sector largest of all sectors, 100 times larger than public sector, and provides students with the greatest career opportunities.(8% of the gdp). Part of the "soft sector". |
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Term
| Leisure service industry is composed of a number of industries, including: |
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Definition
-travel and tourism
- hospitality
- resort
- gaming
- amusement park
- restaurant
- professional sport
- sporting goods manufacturers and retailers. |
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Term
| Challenges of managing nonprofit leisure service agencies. |
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Definition
board of directors can be self-appointed.
board settings are not open to the public
not regulated by state open meetings
board members are rarely compensated for their service to the organisation. Their primary responsibility is to bring money into the agency through their fund-raising efforts.
managers do not share in surplus or big salaries.
they focus on how much revenue the agency generates from services, which clients receive free services, how judiciously the agency spends its money, and how the agency can maintain an environment in which clients can be donors and employees will say complimentary things bout the organization. |
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Term
| Skills required to manage a non-profit. |
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Definition
| need to have a blend of business and public administration skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1% of entire amount of money spent in the leisure service industry. |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily in the business of maintaining national forests, parks, and recreation areas. |
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Term
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Definition
manage state park systems,some of which have restaurants, hotels, campgrounds, boat rentals, and other supplemental services.
Created special taxing districts that own athletic stadiums and convention centers. These sports authorities can be funded by property, sales, excise, and hotel room taxes to construct and maintain facilities. Facilities can be rented to prof and university sport programs, generating millions of dollars in revenue. |
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Term
| Municipal Public-Sector Leisure Service Delivery Systems |
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Definition
| Most common are parks and recreation departments of cities, villages, and towns. |
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Term
| Challenges of Managing Government Leisure Service Agencies: |
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Definition
Main reason for public scrutiny of gov is the relationship between taxation and responsibility.
Transparency: clear and open, all information public, competitive bidding for business.
Public employees have greater rights. In most states public employees cannot be hired or fired without consent of the elected board.
Governing board is elected.
Director of parks and rec has two boards as their bosses, the city council and their appointed advisory boards.
Sometimes leisure service managers have three bosses (city council, park board, and city manager). |
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Term
| The history of parks in the US illustrate: |
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Definition
| a combo of concern for the social and psychological well-being of children and adults, the conservation and preservation of natural areas as the country developed and resource extraction and urbanization accelerated, and the evolution of natural areas as attractions that spurred tourism business opportunities. |
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Term
| City Parks and Playgrounds |
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Definition
As american cities grew with influx of immigrants and prosperity from the industrial movement, awareness grew of a need for public parks in the bustling, congested, and hygienically challenged cities.
1850-1930 began building of City Parks and playgrounds (Olmstead and Vaux's planned to landscape Central Park) |
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Term
| Federal Conservation Initiatives: |
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Definition
Yellowstone,expeditions led in 1869 through 1871;received support from Northern Pacific Railroad.Teddy Roosevelt.
Yosemite,designated by congress in 1890.
Congress passed the law creating the National Park Service in August 1916. |
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Term
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Definition
| First director of the NPS. Congress transferred the management of historic sites, army forts, battlefields, cemeteries,and monuments to the NPS as well as national parks and monuments. |
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Term
| The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (1933-1941): |
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Definition
| employed about 3 million young men in many public works projects and was instrumental in building hundreds of roads, trails, campgrounds, visitor centers,and water systems that exist today in national and state parks. |
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Term
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Definition
| In less than eight years as president, he created sic national parks and supported the passage of the Antiquities Act of of 1906,which created 16 national monuments (including the Grand Canyon). |
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Term
| Two major advisors to president Roosevelt: |
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Definition
Gifford Pinchot, scientific conservationist and head of USDA Forest Service and founder of the Society of American Foresters.
John Muir: ardent preservationist, Sierra Club founder, writer, and lobbyist for wilderness and parks. |
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Term
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Definition
used executive orders to create 51 bird reservations
established the Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge in 1903
Created the US Forest Service in 1905 and set aside 148 million acres as national forests. |
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Term
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Definition
| became a prime sponsor of a national conference in 1920 that promoted the idea of a system of parks that would come under the domain of each state. A park every 100 miles for the public to enjoy and camp in. |
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Term
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Definition
| should preserve representative environments, preferably scenic or historical and cultural sites, typically of each state to provide outdoor recreation areas closer to home for local residents and for tourists. |
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Term
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Definition
1921. Benton MacKaye, a forester and planner, proposed a foot trail along the Appalachian ridges from the highest mountain in the north, Mount Katahdin in Maine, to the highest peak at the southern end, Springer Mountain in Georgia, passing through 12 other states along the way.
2,150 mile Appalachian Trail completed in 1937.
National trail systems act of 1968 gave the NPS the responsibility of overseeing the trail. Also designated 3 types of trails: national rec trails, national scenic trails, and connecting or side trails.
1968 - Wild and Scenic Rivers Act passed to protect free-flowing rivers. 3 categories of rivers: wild rivers, scenic rivers, and recreational rivers. |
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Term
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Definition
Aldo Leopold, US Forest Service Scientist and the father of wildlife ecology; Robert Marshall, an environmental lawyer; Howard Zahniser, president of the Wilderness Society; Hubert Humphrey, senator from Minnesota who sponsored four versions of the Wilderness Act over eight years. The fourth passed Congress and was signed into law by President Johnson in 1964.
In 2011 there were about 757 wilderness areas, 110 million acres. |
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Definition
Starting in the 1970s a leveling off occurred in conjunction with rise in oil prices in 1973 and 1979; monies shifted to higher priority agencies.
1980s privatization for jobs such as trash, vehicle maintenance, lawn care, and staffing visitor centers. |
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Term
| Park systems of the U.S.: |
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Definition
Frontcountry areas with facilities, roads, and primary visitor attractions.
backcountry areas where nature predominates. |
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Definition
used in more varied ways than resource-based state or federal parks. City parks often have swimming pools, concerts in the park, and food stands, small zoos, botanical gardens, or carnival rides.
Less concerned with maintaining natural resources; the natural environment has already been heavily altered and artificially landscaped or designed.
modified to provide tennis courts, golf courses, fountains, paved walkways, ice skating rinks, skateboard ramps, soccer fields, and playgrounds. |
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Definition
larger, more natural, less congregated and quieter.
Typically oriented to activities such as swimming, hiking, boating, fishing, and camping.
Owned and managed by county governments operated by county employees. |
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Definition
typically more focused on preserving the natural or historic characteristics of an area and providing compatible outdoor recreation.
Often associated with water bodies, have substantial wildlife populations, and are representative of key environmental ecosystems that characterize the state. |
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Term
| National Forests and Grasslands |
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Definition
| Forest service created in 1905 and is an agency of the Dep of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA forest service manages large forests and grasslands and follows a basic conservation and wise use philosophy. |
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Term
| Conservation and wise use |
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Definition
| Pinchot described as providing the greatest good to the greatest number for the longest time. |
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Term
| Multiple-use management means: |
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Definition
that USDA forest service areas should be used for OR, livestock grazing, timber production, watershed management, and wildlife and fish habitat.
192 million acres.
Also manages scenic byways, wild and scenic rivers, campgrounds, alpine ski areas, boating areas, picnic areas, and over 100,000 miles of trail. |
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Term
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Definition
USFWS is part of the Dep of Interior.
Mission is to work with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.
Administer US Endangered Species Act and other federal wildlife laws
Manages 150-million acre national system of more than 553 national refuges and thousands of small wetlands.
Under fisheries program it operates national fish hatcheries, resource offices, and ecological offices. |
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