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| "rebirth" The rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization, marking a new age. |
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| A league of merchants from the north seas area who where expanding their trade. Consisited of nearly 80 cities and spread from the north coast of Germany to flanders including the scandavian area and england |
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| Florence, Milan, Venice, The Papal States |
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| Italian city-states which were centers of the renaissance. |
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| The Medici family was from Florence and they were the preeminate bank in the 15th century. They brought florance back to the forefront of european banking. Sponsored many artists throughout the renaissance. Princepal bankers for the paupacy |
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| By Baldassare Castiglione It described the three basic attributes of the perfect courtier: Impeccabel native endowments, Classical education, follow a certain standard of conduct. |
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| The viscontis family was the family in power before the Sforza family. Worked to create a highly centralized territorial state. Very effecient at imposing taxes the brought in huge revenue. |
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| family that took the duchy from the visontis family.Worked to create a highly centralized territorial state. Very effecient at imposing taxes the brought in huge revenue. |
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| ruling renaissance woman, daughter of the duke of ferrara, married francesco gonzaga, marquis of mantua, Educated at the court of farrara known for her political wisdom and intelligence. Riled mantua after death of her husband |
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| An alliance system within italy between the conglamerate of Milan, Florence, and Naples against the papal states and venice. It eventually failed however. |
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| Ended a constant war and triggered 40 year peace within italy. |
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| Political sub figure in florence politics until he and other republicans were sent into exile. He then wrote books including the Prince |
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| Intellectual movemnt based on the study of classical literary works of Greece and Rome. Studied liberal arts, grammar, poetry, ethics, history. |
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| similar to humanism but included florentine civic pride as a key value. |
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| Grmmar, poetry, philosophy, ethics, and history |
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| Father of italian renaissance humanism. Described the intellectual life as one of solitude |
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| the new intrest in the works plato that was sparked in florence by the florentine platonic academy. |
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| Another product of the florentine intellectual movement, It consisted of two groups. One stressed sciences and astrology, alchemy and magic, while the other was theological and philosophic beleifs and speculations. |
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| one of the foremost intellects of the itilian renaissance. wrote on the dignity of man |
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| one of the first itilain humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of greek. Became an enthusuastic pupil of the byzantine scholar Chrysoloras. wrote the history of the florentine people, focussed on secularism. |
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| Pioneer in movable type and completed his version of the biible printed onhis machine in 1455. |
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| One of the great itilian reniassance masters, considered the true example of a renaissance man by many and had a very broad interest including anatomy and astronomy. |
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| created one of the davids spent time in rome studying the statues of antiquity, his statues radated a simple strength, |
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| 1483-1520. Blossomed as a painter at an early age, known for madonnas and his school of athens painting. |
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| 1475-1564. was an accomplished painter, sculptor and architect and one of the three giants of the renaissance. Greatly influenced by neoplatoism painted the sistine chapel ceiling. also created the better know david while in florence. |
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| 1377-1446, drew great influence from the roman architecture and procceded to make il Duomo in florence. Best known for the church of san lorenzo and its coffered ceiling and classical columns |
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| 1480-1520 the shift to the high renaissance was marked by the increasing importance of rome as a new cultural center of the italian renaissance |
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| the northern reanaissance was marked by briliant illuminated manuscripts and panel painting for altarpieces. The northern painters became masters of deatail |
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| northern renaissance painter who painted giovanni arnolfini and his bride. A remarkably detailed painter. |
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| A Norther renaissance painter who studied in italy and did a good job of melding together the two styles especially in his adoration of the magi. |
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| a renaissance musician who was famous for changing the composition of mass. He was the first to use secular tune to replace the georgian chants. Becuase he created much secular music he represented a change in music during the renaissance away from purely religious to entertainment. |
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| after the first half century of decline in the 1400s was over there was a reestablishment of the the centralized power of monarchial governments. also caleld city states. |
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| 1346-1453. Fought between england and france and caused by the despute of gascony. severely hurt both crowns and created terrible political instability. |
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| french legislature that represented all classes. |
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| Greatly advanced the french territorial state, known as the spider, imposed the taille permanently. Created the base for later french monarchy. |
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| 1450s. england civil war. Ducal house of lancaster (red rose) and the ducal house of york (white rose) ended when henry tudor, duke of richmond, defeated the last yorkist king establishing the tudor dynasty. |
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| Fought the house of york in the war of the roses. Proved to be the beginning of the tudor dynasty |
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| fought the house of lancaster in the wasr of the roses, lost. |
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| First tudor king, worked to establish a strong monarchial government. Prevented aristocrats from having private armies, lessing the civil unrest in england. created the court of star chamber to keep the nobles in check. |
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| Married Isabella od Castile, in orde to start to unify the two iberian kingdoms. Started the inquisition. secured the right to choose the clergy from the pope. the marriage was a dynastic union, the two states kept their own courts and armies. |
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| Married Ferdinand of Aragon, in orde to start to unify the two iberian kingdoms. Started the inquisition. secured the right to choose the clergy from the pope. the marriage was a dynastic union, the two states kept their own courts and armies. |
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| the christian conquest of the iberian peninsula fromt the muslims. |
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| Worked with cruel efficiency to guarantee the orthadoxy of the converted jews. |
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| The Habsburg dynasty acquired a number of possesions along the danube know collectively as austria and became one of the wealthiest land owners in the HRE. Succes continuesd through dynastic marriages. |
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| The lands of the habsburgs |
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| The checks of bohemia, because of ethnic similarities, ascocited with the northern slavics instead of their native HRE. |
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| Became the most important state in eastern europe throught the efforts of Matthias, alhough it didnt remain one. |
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| real threat to eastern europe after its defeat of the byzantine empire. Would become the bitter enemy of most of western europe in the 15ht century. |
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| Served as the buffer between europe an the ottoman empire for centuries. soon collapsed and allowed the turks to progress up the danube toward viena. |
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| devolped english lollardy, when we was taken aback by the corruption of the clergy. He alleged that that there was no basis in the scripture for papal claims of temporal authority and advocatd that the popes be striped of their titles. |
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| urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the clergy and attacked the esciessive power of the papacy within the church. |
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| most involved of all the renaissance popes in politics and war. Called the warrior pope. |
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| Practiced rampent nepotism, |
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| was a deeply involved patron of the renaissance culture because of his deep genuine interest in it. Son of lorenzo de medici. |
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| a member of Borgia family, who was known for his debauchery and sensuality, and raised three relatives to cardnalcy. |
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| attempted to deal with the growing problem of heresy by summoning john hus to the council who then burned him at the stake |
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| ecompasses a line of pope from the end of the greatr schism to the beginning of the reformation. The primary concern of the papacy is governing the catholic church as a spiritual leader. But the renaissance pope's temporal interests soon outweighed the spiritual ones. |
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| first of the popes to work to defeat the conciliar movement |
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| a movement that attempted to give more power to councils than the pope had himself to help eliminate the corruption of the church |
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| Construction was accelerated by Leo X. Located in the vatican, one of the most holy catholic sites in the world. |
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| main chapel in the vatican, famous for the cieling painted by michealangelo. |
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| Sculpted by Michealangelo, it exalts the beauty of human form and a fitting symbol of the italian renaissance affirmation of human power. |
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| general refers to the madonna of the meadow painted in 1506. an awesome representation of the madonna and child. |
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