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Definition
| "Wall of Sound" contributed to the success of many artists, including the Ronnettes. Helped turn the recording studio into a creative space & ushered in the modern studio era. |
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Producer Brian Wilson
Engineer Geoff Emerick |
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Definition
| Famous example of the engineer-as-sonic-artist approach the 1966 Beach Boys album, Pet Sounds, that inspired the Beatles to take a new approach ex. 1967 LP Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, engineered by Geoff Emerick. |
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Definition
| Jimi Hendrix release, Electric Ladyland. Helped turn the recording studio into a creative space & ushered in the modern studio era. |
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Term
mid 1970s, 24-track studios become standard. In 1977?
Released to the public in 1982 |
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Definition
Digital tape was introduced in 1977.
The joint Philips/Sony creation, the audio compact disc, was released to the public in 1982. |
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Definition
| A recording process where a waveform that is analogous to the original waveform recorded. |
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| Components of magnetic tape that consists of Mylar or Polyester strip, to which the oxide is glued by the binder. |
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Definition
| Type of plug or fitting at the input or output of a device or cable. Balanced connectors employ three conductors (High, Low, & Ground) to convey a signal. Common types of balanced connectors include XLR & TRS. |
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Definition
| Adhesive component of magnetic tape, which holds the oxide to the backing material. |
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Definition
| High speed machine used to produce cassette reproductions of a recording for consumer use. |
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Definition
| One of the components of the tape machine't transport system, responsible for moving the tape across the tape heads at a constant, accurate speed. |
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Definition
| One of two paths for an input/output (I/O) module, it controls the audio signal being sent to the recorder. |
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Definition
| Type of dynamic signal proccesor that controls the amplitude of an audio signal when the dynamic range of the signal is too wide; essentially, it corrects for either too much or too little volume in the audio signal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of microphone that operates on the principle of two oppositely charged plates. The plates' charges form a capacitance between them, & incoming sound waves create changes in the capacitance. These changes result in a electrical signal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Built-in capability of an audio console to send an output signal to the muscians in the studio, so that they may hear what is being played. |
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Definition
| Variety of time-based signal processors that create distinct repetitions of sounds. |
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Definition
| Recording process where a waveform is converted into binary digital data; it is then stored on magnetic tape or on a computer hard drive. |
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Definition
| No effect, just guitar, mic, amp. etc. no processors. |
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Definition
| Type of microphone that operates on the principle of a wire coil, attached to a diaphragm & suspended in a magnetic field; sound waves striking the diaphragm vibrate the coil within the magnetic field, producing an electrical signal. |
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Definition
| Type of signal processor that controls the dynamic range of an audio signal; these include equalizers, gates, & compressors. |
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Definition
| Amplitude difference between the lowest & highest signal levels of a sound. In a sound source, it is measured from the softest to the loudest sound; in a piece of sound equipment, it is measured from the noise floor to the maximum level. |
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Definition
| One of three tape heads on a tape machine, it is responsible for recording an ultra-high frequency (sometimes as high as 150kHz) on the tape, which essentially erases anything previously recorded. |
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Definition
| Type of dynamic signal processor that consists of frequency selective amplifiers, which allow for alteration of the frequency characteristics of an audio signal. |
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Term
| Father -- in recording arts. |
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Definition
| In recording arts, a negative copy of a vinyl reproduction of a recording made from the origional acetate, which is in turn used to create a positive copy ("mother") for production of a "stamper" copy. |
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Definition
| Variety of time -based signal processors that replicate the phase/timing difference of two identical audio signals being played simultaneously. |
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Definition
| Type of dynamic signal processor that controls the amplitude of an audio signal by either allowing the signal to pass (open), or not allowing the signal to proceed (closed). |
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Term
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Definition
| Amplitude difference between nominal level & maximum level in an audio signal. |
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Term
| I/O (Input/Output) Modules |
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Definition
| Components of an audio console that allow the introduction of an independent audio signal from a source, sucha as a microphone. Each input/output module contains two paths, a channel path & a monitor path. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inches Per Second; the standard measurement for tape speed used on the recording process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third stage of recording, in which all of the mixed recordings are balanced for consistant tone quality & volume. Mastering also involves making changes to the mixed recordings for trasfer into the various consumer formats, such as CD or cassette. |
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Definition
| Highest amplitude possible in an audio signal before distortion occurs. |
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Definition
| Third phase of hte production stage of recording; involves blending of all material recorded during tracking & overdubbing. During mixing, the signal levels for all of the various parts of the music are assigned. |
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Term
| Mother -- In recording arts. |
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Definition
| In recording arts, a positive copy of a vinyl reproduction of a recording made from the "father," which is in turn used to create a negative copy (stamper") for production of consumer copies. |
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Definition
| Level of resident noise in any audio system; any signal level at or below this level is unusable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ideal level on an audio signal; often noted as a zero decibel (0dB) level on meters. |
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Definition
| Second phase of the production stage of recording, where supplementary recorded sound is added to previously taped material (usually recorded during tracking). This may include lead vocals, background vocals, sound effects, instrument solos, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of magnetic tape that consists of a fine, magnetized metallic dust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Section of an audio console where any inputs & outputs from the console & other equipment are connected to the console. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside power source necessary to operate a condenser microphone. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the components of the tape machine's transport system responsible for moving the tape across the tape heads at a constant, accurate speed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preliminary stage of the recording process, involving project planning, scheduling, rehearsal, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of three tape heads on a tape machine, it is responsible for playing back the recorded sound with maximum fidelity; used for the mixing phase of recording. |
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Definition
| Variety of time-based signal processors that replicate the acoustic reflection qualities of rooms of varying sizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Name given to audio information as it exists in the form of electricity. |
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Definition
| Path an audio signal takes through a piece if audio equipment. |
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Definition
| Device used to alter an audio signal as the signal passes through. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amplitude difference between the nominal level of an audio signal & the noise floor, or minimum level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative copy of a vinyl reproduction of a recording made from the "mother", which is in turn used to press the actual consumer copies. |
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Definition
| Component of the tape machine's transport system that drives the left-hand tape reel. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of three tape heads on a tape machine, it is responsible for recording & playing back simultaneously, which allows for overdubbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tip-Ring-Sleeve; a common type of balanced audio connector. |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of the tape machine's transport system that drives the right-hand tape reel. |
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Definition
| Type of signal processor that controls the timing of an audio signal; these include reverbs, flangers, & delays. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial phase of the production stage of recording, it involves the recording of the core elements of the music, such as the rhythm section. |
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Term
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Definition
| Device that converts one form of energy to another; e.g., a microphone transforms acoustical energy to electrical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of a tape recording machine responsible for moving the tape from one reel, across the tape heads, to the other reel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of plug or fitting at the input or output of a device or cable. Unbalanced connectors employ two conductors (High & Ground) to convey a signal. A common type of unbalanced connector is the RCA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchanging Line Receptacle; a common type of balanced audio connector. |
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Term
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Definition
| acoustic energy to electrical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical energy to acoustic energy. |
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Term
| Recording tape heads convert? |
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Definition
| electrical energy to magnetic energy. |
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Term
| Playback tape heads convert? |
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Definition
| magnetic energy to electrical energy. |
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Term
| Phonograph cartidges covert? |
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Definition
| mechanical energy to electrical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Handles all of the business arrangements for a session-transportation, airfare, hotels, studio cost, etc. Acts as a buffer between those working in the studio & the outside world. |
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Definition
| Responsible for the creative process. Ultimately responsible for gettng the project completed on time, within budget, & true to the objectives upon which it is based. Intermediary between the record company & the artist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for the techincal end of things. Sometimes called "first engineers." Must translate their wishes into sonic reality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as the "second engineer," is an employee of the studio & the person responsible for making everthing run smoothly. Expected to do everything from fetching lunch to recording vocals & anything in between. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for the sale & scheduling of studio time. Includes scheduling equipment, facilities, & personnel. Managers responsibility to keep the studio booked as much as possible. |
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Term
| Artist & Repertoire (A&R) Representatives |
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Definition
| Talent Scouts of a record company. They try to locate & develop artists who eventually record for their company; & they work with label's existing artists to develop new material for upcoming records. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of two paths for an input/output (I/O) module, it controls the audio signal being sent from recorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of an audio console that allows for the selection of different sets of loudspeakers through which one can listen to an audio signal. |
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