Term
| The Roman alphabet has ____ letters to represent approximately ____ English sounds (phonemes). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the relationship among the letters of the alphabetic writing system and the sounds in spoken words, as well as an approach for teaching these relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes it possible for beginning readers to learn new words through a process of changing the letter and sound relationships of unfamiliar written words into familiar spoken words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the understanding that words consist of sounds and the ability to act on this understanding |
|
|
Term
| There is a close relationship between _____, _____, and ____. |
|
Definition
| phonemic awareness, phonics, and success in learning to read |
|
|
Term
| Phonics instruction is most effective when it is: (4) |
|
Definition
1. done early, intensely, directly, and systematically
2. combined with instruction in reading comprehension
3. taught throughout the day
4. integrated with ongoing classroom instruction in spelling |
|
|
Term
| The language of any people is the ____ system by which the individuals communicate with one another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The written language is merely a system of ____, a code, used to represent the spoken language. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the basic steps in the reading process is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| translating the codes into the sounds of the spoken language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the symbol /b/ refers to the ____ represented by the key symbol b |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the slight variations in pronunciation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| variant forms of a single phoneme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the written representation of the phoneme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the unit in the written code |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| naturally occurring variations in the phonemes of the English language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phonemes that produce a puff of air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phonemes that do not produce a puff of air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| never consists of a less than a letter, but it may consist of more than 1 letter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We can consider the American-English language to contain 44 separate ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the understanding that spoken language consists of words, syllables, rhymes, and phonemes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the understanding that spoken words are composed of phonemes and the understanding that individual phonemes, when blended together, form meaningful words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the reader attaches 1 or more phonemes to a word or word part |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| removing 1 or more phonemes from a word |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the reader deletes 1 or more phonemes from a word (or word part) and replaces them with 1 or more different phonemes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consist of the 26 letters and combinations of these letters (graphemes), the 44 sounds (phonemes), and the system of relationships among the letters and the sounds (phonics) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| readers use ___ cues to translate the written code into the sounds that form from the words of spoken language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a synonym for graphophonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the manner in which words are ordered to form phrases, clauses, and sentences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| readers who use _____ recognize the manner in which word order and grammatical function are clues to the identity of a word |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the meaning of language; therefore, the meaning of a passage provides readers with ____ clues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to read, we must be able to ____, that is, to translate the written symbols into the correct speech sounds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another is called a ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For all practical purposes, the American-English language contains ____ phonemes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phonemic awareness consists of the ability to ____ words into their individual phonemes and ____ individual phonemes together to form meaningful spoken words. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Separating the word sat into its individual phonemes, /s/, /a/, /t/ is an example of ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Combining the three phonemes /s/ + /a/ + /t/ to produce the word sat is an example of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ____ is the written representation of a phoneme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clues within words that indicate which phoneme a letter represents are called _____ clues. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The way that words are ordered and function in sentences provides ____ cues to word identification. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The meaning of a passage provides readers with ___ cues to the identities of words. |
|
Definition
|
|
