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Definition
| The ability to read is a key factor in living a healthy, happy, and productive life. In fact, the ability to read has recently been declared the ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| encompasses the learning of a complex set of skills and knowledge that allows individuals to understand visual and print-based information |
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Term
On the way to the goal of reading comprehension, children must acquire a set of early reading skills or tools that include the following:
(6) |
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Definition
1. hearing individual sounds in spoken words (phonemic awareness)
2. recognizing and identifying letters
3. understanding concepts about how printed language looks and works
4. increasing oral language (speaking) vocabularies
5. understanding that sounds in spoken language "map" onto letters in written language
6. decoding words with accuracy, speed, and expression |
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| To acquire proficiency in writing, younger children need to acquire such skills as: (3) |
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Definition
1. handwriting (upper and lower case)
2. understanding writing conventions such as punctuation, headings, paragraph indents, and the like
3. being able to "encode" thoughts to print (spelling words) |
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Term
| The 7 Characteristics of Highly Effective Reading Teachers |
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Definition
1. understand how children learn oral language and how children learn to read
2. are excellent classroom managers
3. begin reading instruction by 1st assessing what students already know and can do
4. know how to adapt instruction to meet the needs of diverse learners
5. teach the essential components of reading using evidence-based instructional practices
6. model and encourage reading and writing applications throughout the day
7. partner with other teachers, parents, and community members to ensure children's learning |
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Term
The Structure of Language:
(7) |
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Definition
1. phonology
2. orthography
3. morphography
4. syntax
5. semantic
6. etymology
7. pragmatics |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the sound structures of oral language and includes both understanding speech and producing speech |
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Term
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| the patterns linking letters or graphemes to sounds or phonemes in spoken language to produce conventional word spellings |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of word structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the rule system of how words are combined into larger language structures, especially sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| involves connecting one's background experiences, knowledge, interests, attitudes, and perspectives with spoken or written language to comprehend the meaning of that language |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how word meanings and language meanings change over time in popular culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how language is used by people in societies to satisfy their need to communicate |
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Term
| 4 major views of how children come by their oral language ability: |
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Definition
1. behaviorist
2. innatist
3. constructivist
4. social interactionist |
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Term
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Definition
| believe that oral language is learned through conditioningand shaping-- processes that involve a stimulus and a reward or a punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| believe that language learning is natural or "in-born" for human beings |
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Term
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Definition
| believe that language development is built over time and linked to overall thinking ability or cognitive development |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a teacher to organize, direct, and supervise the classroom environment so that effective student learning is made possible |
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Definition
| the observations, record keeping, and ongoing performance tests that a teacher uses to gather information about each student's reading process |
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Term
| highly effective reading programs focus on: (3) |
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Definition
1. curriculum essentials
2. providing students access to various print materials
3. quality effective instruction |
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Term
| 5 pillars of effective reading instruction |
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Definition
1. teacher knowledge
2. classroom assessment
3. effective practice
4. differentiating instruction by diverse student needs
5. family/community connections |
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Term
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Definition
| the ultimate goal of writing |
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Term
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Definition
| requires the sender of a message to encode or to put his or her thoughts into symbolic systems (verbal and visual) of the language |
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Term
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Definition
| requires the receiver of a message to decode or unlock the code of the language symbol systems used by the sender in order to construct meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| one in which the sounds of spoken or oral language and the symbols or print found in written language relate to one another in more or less predictable ways |
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Term
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Definition
| assume that oral language development is greatly influenced by physical, social, and of course, linguistic factors found in the child's immediate environment |
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