Term
| what are different diagnostic modalities when dealing w/urology? |
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Definition
| H+P, urinalysis (check infection, bleeding, stones), lab studies (PSA, renal function), microbiology studies (urine cx), and radiologic studies |
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Term
| what characterizes the ultrasound as a diagnostic modality in diagnosing urologic pathology? |
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Definition
| easy to perform, in-office, no contrast/IVs, no oral prep, no NPO, and no claustrophobia |
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Term
| what is the study of choice for all intrascrotal pathology? |
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Definition
| ultrasound. indications for scrotal ultrasound: i feel something odd, it hurts, there's swelling, whats this? etc. |
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Term
| what is a true testicular emergency? |
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Definition
| testicular torsion due to the bellclapper deformity where the testicle is not affixed and it spins on itself. this needs to be untwisted w/in 6 hrs or the testicle will be lost. |
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Term
| what can the doppler ultrasound be used to determine in the scrotum? |
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Definition
| whether blood flow is sufficient or if there is epididymitis |
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Term
| what is an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)? |
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Definition
| a study which gives anatomic and functional information about the kidneys. it requires bowel prep, IV contrast, and abdominal compression. IV contrast filters through the kidneys and is excreted into the collecting system and ureters. |
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Term
| what characterizes CT scans in diagnosing urologic pathology? |
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Definition
| CT can be done w/contrast or not (spiral) and provides axial and transverse images. sagittal and 3D images can be reconstructed. contrast CT is limited to pts with good renal function and w/o allergies however. |
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Term
| which will take up contrast in a CT, a kidney mass or cyst? |
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Definition
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Term
| how can stones be detected, even if they aren't directly visible? |
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Definition
| secondary signs such as hydronephrosis maybe more visible on certain slices of a CT |
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Term
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Definition
| the CT-generated replacement of the IVP. it is done in 3 phases: non-contrast, kidney contrast uptake, and pacified ureters/collecting system. |
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Term
| why is an MRI good for renally impaired pts? caveats? |
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Definition
| gadolinium is not renal toxic and multiplanar imaging is available - however it is about 45 min long and pts may get clasutrophobic. |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty 1, fluidy 2. in T1 images, fat is bright and in T2 images, fluid is bright. |
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Term
| what characterizes nuclear medicine studies in diagnosing urologic pathology? |
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Definition
| nuclear medicine allows assessment of function/obstruction in the kidneys and assessment of bone metastasis in the prostate. it does not require contrast or bowel prep. |
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Term
| what can a renal nuclear scan tell you? |
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Definition
| the sades screens can tell you the flow to aorta, kidneys, looks at uptake of kidneys and passage of contrast - gives you an idea of the differential function of the kidneys, *which helps r/o obstruction. |
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Term
| what flouroscopic studies are possible in urology? |
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Definition
| retrograde pyelogram, retrograde urethrogram, antegrade nephrostogram, and cystogram |
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Term
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Definition
| flouroscopic evaluation of the kidneys, ureter, bladder |
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Term
| what are some things you can determine via a voiding cystourethrogram? |
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Definition
| urethral reflux (urine that goes the wrong way when there’s intravesical pressure ), strictures, and fistula |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool for visualizing the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool for visualizing the inside of the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool for removal of bladder CA |
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