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| removal of bound electron (negative charge) from electrically charged neutral atom by adding energy to overcome binding energy |
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| adding enough energy to an electron of an atom making it occupy a higher energy state than its lowest bound electron. |
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| lost radiative energy from moving particales as they interact with matter they move through. |
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| "braking radiation" "white radiation" and "general radiation" enhanced with high Z # and high electrongs |
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| Directly ionizing radiation |
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| Coulomb force acts over a distance to cause ionization and excitation in the absorber medium |
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| number of ion pairs formed by the particle per unit path length "beta particles and alpha particles" are used. |
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| Linear Energy Transfer "LET" |
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| average energy locally deposited in an absorber resulting from a charged particle per unit distance of travel (keV/cm) |
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| measured as an average energy loss by a charged particle per unit distance traveled (keV/cm) |
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| Inversely related to the stopping power of the absorber in the rang of the charged particle.(only has meaning with kinetic energy particles). |
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| Average amount of energy needed to create an ion pair in a given medium. ( 34eV/air avg) |
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| Indirect Ionizing Radiation |
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Definition
| Has no charge. They must come sufficiently close and their physical dimensions contact the particles of matter in order to interact. |
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| Similar to X- rays. Electromagnetic waves. Nuclear Origin, Zero rest mass, no net electrical charge. |
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| All or none energy loss, The photon imparts all of its energy to an orbital electron of some atom. Only significant in energies less than 1 MeV |
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| Partial energy loss for in coming photon. The photon interacts with an orbital electron of some atom and only part of the energy is transfered to the electron. between 200 keV and 5 MeV |
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| When all energy of the photon is converted to mass,Strongest in high Z materials. A gamma photon simply disappears in the vicinity of the nucleus, and an electron appears in its place(1 + 1 - charge) |
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| Pair production is impossible unless the gamma ray posses greater than 1.022 MeV of energy to make up the rest mass of the particles. |
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| The Neutron has a mass # of 1 and no charge. Because it has no charge the neutron can penetrate relatively easily into a nucleus. |
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