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| made up of neutrons and protons, found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| species of atoms characterized by the constitution of its nucleus |
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| Nuclide with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
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| theory of real relativity |
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| E=mc^2. Albert Einstein proposed in 1905 |
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| mass may be changed to energy and vice versa. |
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| total mass of the atom is less than the sum of the masses of individual protons and neutrons. |
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| mass of a proton (1.00728amu) |
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| mass of an electron (0.000548amu) |
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| mass of neutron (1.00867amu) |
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| mass of a atom (get from chart of nuclides) |
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| the energy equivalent of mass defect, binds atoms to the nucleus |
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| equations for alpha, beta or gamma decay. |
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| splitting of the nucleus into at least two smaller nuclei with an accompanying realease of energy. avg of 200 MeV real eased per fissio. |
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| condition where neutrons produced from fission are equal to number of neutrons from previous generation |
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| effective multiplication constant |
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| subcritical condition: to many neutrons escape or are absorbed but don't produce fission |
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| critical condition: neutrons remain constant |
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| supercritical condition: two or three nuetrons produced go produce another fission. number of fissions increases exponentially. |
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| the act of fusing two or more atomic nuclei |
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| presence of small amounts of radiation. in soil. gamma radiation from uranium and thorium series and then potassium 40 and Rb-87,, 28 mrem average yearly dose |
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| outside our solar system composed mainly of positively charged particles,, 27mrem average yearly dose |
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| small amounts takin into human body through food, avg. dose yearly 39mrem |
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radioactivity in the air, Example; radium-226 emits and alpha as it decays to radon-222
avg yearly dose 200 mrem |
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| presence of small amounts of radiation. in soil. gamma radiation from uranium and thorium series and then potassium 40 and Rb-87,, 28 mrem average yearly dose |
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| medically emitted radiation ex: X-rays avg yearly dose 300mrem |
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