Term
| What happens to the strength of orbits as they get closer to the nucleus? |
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Definition
| The closer the shell is to the nucleus, the stronger it is |
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Term
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Definition
| unstable atoms undergo spontaneous disintergration(radioactive decay) to become more balanced |
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Term
| Do we use radioactivity in dentistry? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| capable of producing ions,radiation must have energy greater than electron bonding energy |
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Term
| What two groups is radiation classified in? |
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Definition
1.Particulate radiation
2.Electromagnectic radiation |
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Term
| Which type of ionizing radiation do we use? |
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Definition
| Electromagnectic radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny particles of matter that have mass and travel in straight lines at high speeds |
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Term
| Four types of particulate radiation |
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Definition
1.Alpha
2.Electron (beta & cathode)
3.Proton
4.Neutron |
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Term
| What is one patrticulate radiation used in radiology? |
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Definition
| Cathode rays, negative, originate in the xray tube |
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Term
| Electromagnectic Radiation |
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Definition
| Transmission of wave like energy(no mass) through space or matter |
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Term
| How do electromagnectic radio waves come about? |
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Definition
| Man made or naturally occur |
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Term
| What is the electromagnectic Spectrum? |
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Definition
| Electromagnectic radiation arranged accoridng to energy, classisifed as ionizing or non ionizing based on energy levels, only high energy radiation is capable of ionizing radiation |
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Term
| High energy/ionizing radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum |
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Definition
1.Xrays and gamma rays (rasiothearpy, dentlal radiographs)
2.ultraviolet rays(sun) |
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Term
| Low energy/nonionizing radiation |
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Definition
1.visible light
2.infraed rays
3.radio waves
photography, microwave, radar, television, radio |
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Term
| How does electromagnectic radiation move through space? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of energy, photons, no mass or weight, traves as waves as speed of light, moves in straight line |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by velocity(speed) of wave, wavelength(distance of one crest to another), and frequency(number)of wavelengths at a given time |
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Term
| How are electrons maintained in their orbits? |
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Definition
| by electrostatic force between the positive nucleus and negative electrons |
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Term
| How is binding energy determined? |
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Definition
By the distance between the nucleus and the orbiting electron
Closer=Stronger |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds |
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Term
| What are the two ways in which molecules are formed? |
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Definition
1.The transfer of electrons
2.The sharing of electrons |
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Term
| An atom in a neutral state has equal.. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Electronically unbalanced atoms? |
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Definition
| an atoms with an incomplete outer shell, will attempt to capture an electron from another atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which atoms are converted to ions- the production of ions |
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Term
| An atom that gaines or loses an electron becomes what? What is it then called? |
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Definition
| electrically unbalanced, called an ion |
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Term
| If an atom gaines an electron is gets a ? charge |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| A negative ion(ejected electron) + a positive ion(atom) |
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Term
| How do you get an ion pair? |
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Definition
| energy from xray romoves an orbital electron from an atom |
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Term
| Do xrays have mass, weight, or charge? Csn you see them? How fast do they travel? |
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Definition
| No, no, no, no, at the speed of light |
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Term
| What can xrays penetrate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| permits exit of xrays, seals oil, filters xray beam |
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Term
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Definition
| alters voltage of incoming electricity |
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Term
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Definition
| filter out long wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
| restricts size of x-ray beam |
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Term
| PID(position indicating device |
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Definition
| aims and shapes x-ray beam |
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Term
| What is the x-ray tube made of and how big is it? |
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Definition
| leaded-glass housing, several inches long by 1 inch diameter |
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Term
| What does the window in the xray tube do? |
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Definition
| permits the x-ray beam to exit the tube and directs it towards the alluminum disks, lead colluminater, and PID |
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Term
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Definition
| negative, supplies electrons, has tungsten filament, and molybdenum cup |
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Term
| What is the molybdenum cup |
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Definition
| focuses electrons into narrow beam and directs beam towards tungsten target |
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Term
| What does the tungsten filament do? |
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Definition
| produces electrons when heated |
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Term
| What happens in the anode? |
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Definition
| elextrons get converted to photons |
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Term
| What does the tungsten target do? |
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Definition
| focal spot, converts electons to photons |
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Term
| What does the copper stem do? |
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Definition
| scatters heat away from tungsten target |
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Term
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Definition
| energy used to make xrays |
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Term
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Definition
| when electrons flow in one direction through a conductor |
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Term
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Definition
| when electrons flow in two, opposite directions |
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Term
| Rectification(dental xray tube) |
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Definition
-the conversion of AC current to DC current
-x ray tube acts this way assuring that current is always flowing in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
-takes place in cathode
-the number of electrons moving through a conductor
-current is measured in amperage or mA |
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Term
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Definition
-measurement of electronical force that causes electrons to move from a negative to positive pole
-measured in v or kV |
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Term
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Definition
| path of electrical current |
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Term
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Definition
-uses 3-5 volts
-regulates flow of electrical current to the tungsten filament
-controlled by mA settings |
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Term
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Definition
-uses 65,000-100,000 volts
-provides hight voltage required to generate x-rays
-controlled by kV setting |
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Term
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Definition
| device used to either increase or decrease voltage in electrical circuit |
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Term
| What are the three transformers used to adjust the electrical circuit in the production of dental xray? |
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Definition
1.step up transformer
2.step down transformer
3.auto transformer |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220- line voltage to the 3-5 volts used by filament curcuit |
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Term
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Definition
| increases incoming voltage to 65,000 to 100,000 volts used in high voltage circuit |
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Term
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Definition
-a voltage compensator
-corrects minor fluctuations int he circuit |
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