Term
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Definition
| A FORCE WHICH REMAINS AT REST UNTIL ACTED UPON |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MOLECULES ARE NEATLY ARRANGED, CLOSE TOGETHER, WITH MEDIUM TO HIGH DENSITY, ARE DIFFICULT TO COMPRESS |
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Term
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Definition
| MOLECULES ARE CLOSE TOGETHER, FLOW, MEDIUM DENSITY, AND DIFFUCULT TO COMPRESS |
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Term
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Definition
| GREAT DISTANCE BW MOLECULES, FLOW, LOW DENSITY, EASY TO COMPRESS, AND NO SURFACE |
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Term
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Definition
| ANYTHING IN SPACE THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS INERTIA. IS FOUND IN NATURE IN IMPURE FORM AS A MIXTURE OF INDEFINITE COMPOSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| A COMBINATION OF 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES WITHOUT A CHEMICAL UNION. INDEFINITE COMPOSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| ANY MATERIAL THAT HAS DEFINITE COMPOSITION (CAN BE SIMPLE OR COMPLEX) |
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Term
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Definition
| CALLED ELEMENTS, CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN TO SMALLER MEANS |
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Term
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Definition
| CALLED COMPOUNDS, FORMED BY 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS IN DEFINITE PORTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE SMALLEST PHYSICAL UNIT OF AN ELEMENT. CONSISTS OF LIKE ATOMS WHICH ARE HELD TOGETHER BY AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE CALLED A BOND |
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Term
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Definition
| SMALLEST COMPONENT OF AN ELEMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| DANISH PHYSICIST WHO PROPOSED THE BOHR THEORY |
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Term
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Definition
| REPRESENTS THE ATOM AS A MINIATURE SOLAR SYSTEM W A NUCLEUS AND ORBITAL ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HOW MANY ELECTRONS WILL FIT IN A PARTICULAR SHELL |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ELECTRONS ARE MORE STABLE WHEN THERE ARE 8 IN THE OUTER SHELL |
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Term
| ELEMENTS ARE DIFFERENT BASED ON: |
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Definition
# AND ARRANGEMENT OF ORBITAL ELECTRONS
# OF NUCLEONS |
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Term
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Definition
| # OF PROTONS OR ORBITAL e- |
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Term
| ATOMIC MASS # (ATOMIC WEIGHT OR A #) |
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Definition
| DENOTES THE # OF P AND N IN THE NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| ATOMIC NUCLEI THAT HAVE SAME MASS # BUT DIFF ATOMIC #S (DIFF #S OF P AND N EQUAL # OF NUCLEONS) |
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Term
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Definition
| SAME # OF N BUT DIFF # OF P. DIFF ATOMIC #S, DIFF MASS # |
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Term
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Definition
| SAME ATOMIC # AND MASS #. IDENTICAL ATOMS EXISTING AT DIFF ENERGY LEVELS |
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Term
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Definition
| STRENGTH OF THE ATTATCHMENT OF AN E TO THE NUCLEUS (Eb) |
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Term
| APPROXIMATE BINDING ENERGY (kEv) |
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Definition
| K: 69.525, L: 12.100, M: 2.820, N: 5.95, O: 0.077 |
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Term
| SMALL ATOMS (LOW ATOMIC #) YIELD: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| COMBINING CAPACITY OF AN ATOM |
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Term
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Definition
| ADDITION OR REMOVAL OF e-, CONVERTING ATOMS TO IONS |
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Term
| ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION |
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Definition
| PARTICULATE RADIATION ASSOCIATED WITH RADIOACTIVE DECAY (ALPHA PARTICLES +2, ORIGIN NUCLEUS) (BETA PARTICLES -1, ORIGIN NUCLEUS) |
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Term
| EM RADIATION ONLY DIFFERENCE IS POINT OF ORIGIN |
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Definition
XRAYS: OUTSIDE NUCLEUS
GAMMA: INSIDE NUCLEUS |
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Term
| EM RADIATION IS AN ENERGY CONTINUUM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ATOM OF LIGHT (SMALLEST QUANTITY OF EM ENERGY TRAVELLING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT) |
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Term
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Definition
186,000 MILES/SEC
3 x 10^8 METERS/SEC (USE THIS FORMULA) |
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Term
| ALL EM RADIATION CONTAINS: |
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Definition
| ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES |
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Term
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Definition
| NONE, HARD TO IDENTIFY. MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ALWAYS CHANGING |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DISTANCE FROM CREST TO VALLEY |
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Term
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Definition
| RATE OF RISE AND FALL, CRESTS (OSCILLATIONS) PER SECOND |
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Term
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Definition
HERTZ (hz)
ONE hz = 1 CYCLE PER SECOND |
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Term
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Definition
DISTANCE FROM ONE CREST TO ANOTHER CREST
10^-10 METERS IS ONE ANGSTROM
*HIGHER THE FREQ, SHORTER THE WAVELENGTH |
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Term
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Definition
| SPEED OF LIGHT, ALWAYS CONSTANT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DESCRIBED BY OPTIC PHYSICISTS IN TERMS OF WAVELENGTH
PHOTONS TRAVEL IN STRAIGHT LINES (SINE FASHION) |
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Term
| WAVELENGTHS OF VISIBLE SPECTRUM |
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Definition
400 nm FOR VIOLET TO 700nm FOR RED
nm= 10^9 METERS |
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Term
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Definition
| IDENTIFIED BY ENERGY (kEv: KILO-ELECTRON VOLTS) |
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Term
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Definition
| KILO-VOLTS PEAK. IF WE SET MACHINE TO 80 kVp, THE ENERGY WILL RANGE FROM 0-80 |
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Term
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Definition
| MORE ENERGY THAN VISIBLE LIGHT, HIGHER FREQ, AND SHORTER WAVELENGTH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| X RAY AND GAMMA RAY DIFFERENCES |
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Definition
| XRAYS PRODUCED BY ELECTRONS, GAMMA PRODUCED BY NUCLEUS. IF THE SAME ENERGY, COULD NOT TELL THE TWO APART |
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Term
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Definition
| PARTIAL ABSORPTION OF ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF LIGHT PHOTONS |
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Term
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Definition
| USED IN RESEARCH (LESS THAN 10 kVp) |
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Term
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Definition
| USED IN MEDICINE (DERMATOLOGY), 10-20 kVp |
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Term
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Definition
USED IN SUPERFICIAL MEDICINE THERAPY
50-100 kVp |
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Term
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Definition
| USED IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING (30-150 kVp) |
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Term
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Definition
USED IN THERAPY FOR DEEP LYING TISSUES
200-300 kVp |
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Term
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Definition
USED ON DEEPER LYING TISSUE
300-1000 kVp |
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Term
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Definition
| USED IN INDUSTY TO CHECK INTEGRITY OF WELDS (GREATER THAN 1 meV) |
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Term
| XRAY MACHINES FUNCTION IS TO: |
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Definition
| PROVIDE SUFFICIENT INTENSITY OF e- FLOW TO PRODUCE XRAY BEAM OF DESIRED QUANTITY AND QUALITY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| OPERATE AT 25-150 kVp AND 25-1200 mA |
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Term
| MODERN XRAY ROOMS WILL CONTAIN |
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Definition
| RADIOGRAPHIC UNIT, FLUOROSCOPIC UNIT, AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSIFIER |
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Term
| EVERY XRAY MACHINE HAS 3 MAIN PARTS: |
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Definition
| XRAY TUBE, HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR, AND CONTROL PANEL |
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Term
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Definition
COLD CATHODE GAS TUBE, PARTIAL VACUUM, CATHODE NOT HEATED, HIGH VOLTAGE CAUSES IONIZATION OF GAS IN TUBE, CAN'T CONTROL mA INDEPENDENTLY OF kVp. CONTAINS CATHODE, ANODE, AND ANTICATHODE
GAS PRESSURE DETERMINED CONDITIONS |
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Term
| COOLIDGE TUBE (HOT CATHODE TUBE) |
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Definition
| GLASS ENVELOPE, CATHODE, AND ANODE. TUBE IS EVACUATED, HAS WINDOW (5cm SQUARE) *MODERN TUBES ARE DIODES |
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Term
| HOT CATHODE TUBE CREATED BY: |
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Definition
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Term
| PROTECTIVE HOUSING CONTAINS: |
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Definition
| INSULATING OIL, WHICH SERVES AS AN ELECTRICAL INSULATOR AND THERMAL CUSHION |
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Term
| IF AIR OR GAS IS PRESENT IN THE ENVELOPE |
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Definition
| ELECTRON FLOW SLOWS, PRODUCING FEWER XRAYS |
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Term
| RECENT IMPROVEMENT OF ENVELOPE |
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Definition
| USE METAL INSTEAD OF GLASS. GLASS EVENTUALLY BECOMES COATED WITH TUNGSTEN AS THE TUBE AGES AND VAPORIZES |
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Term
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Definition
| NEGATIVE SIDE OF TUBE (CONTAINS FILAMENT AND FOCUSING CUP) |
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Term
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Definition
| COIL OF WIRE MADE OF THORIATED TUNGSTEN (2mm IN DIA). THIS IS WHERE THERMIONIC EMMISSION OCCURS (THORIUM 1-2%, USED TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF XRAY PROD |
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Term
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Definition
| THE BOILING OFF OF ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
HAS HIGH MELTING POINT (3,410 C)
DOESN'T VAPORIZE EASILY |
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Term
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Definition
| WHERE FILAMENT IS EMBEDDED, MADE OF MOLYBDENUM (HIGH NEGATIVE CHARGE) NEGATIVE CHARGES REPEL EACH OTHER CAUSING ELECTRON BEAM TO CONCENTRATE TO A PINPOINT |
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Term
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Definition
| HAVE 2 FILAMENT SIZES WHICH RESULTS IN 2 FOCAL SPOTS (LARGE AND SMALL) |
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Term
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Definition
RANGE FROM .1-.5 mm
USED FOR FINE DETAIL |
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Term
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Definition
.6-1.5 mm
USED WHEN HIGHER ENERGY IS NEEDED |
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Term
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Definition
POSITIVE SIDE OF TUBE (STATIONARY AND ROTATING) SERVES 3 FUNCTIONS:
*ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION (RECIEVING e-)
*MECHANICAL SUPPORT FOR TARGET
*THERMAL CONDUCTOR (CONDUCTS HEAT AWAY BEFORE IT MELTS |
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Term
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Definition
AREA OF ANODE STRUCK BY ELECTRONS FROM THE CATHODE
STATIONARY ANODE TUBES ARE MADE OF TUNGSTEN EMBEDDED IN COPPER |
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Term
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Definition
| USED ONLY ON SMALL DENTAL AND MOBILE DEVICES. MADE OF TUNGSTEN EMBEDDED IN COPPER |
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Term
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Definition
| MADE OF TUNGSTEN RHENIUM. RHENIUM HELPS TO WITHSTAND ROTATION AND PREVENT PITTING. TUNGSTEN USED FOR HIGH ATOMIC #, RESULTING IN HIGH XRAY PRODUCTION |
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Term
| THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF XRAY |
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Definition
| 99.8 % IS HEAT AND ONLY .2% IS XRAY |
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Term
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Definition
GIVES A LARGER TARGET AREA
GIVES HIGHER HEATING CAPACITY
ROTOR CAUSES ROTATION (B/W 3400 AND 10,000 RPMs) |
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Term
| 4 CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR XRAY PRODUCTION |
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Definition
| SEPARATION OF ELECTRONS, PRODUCTION OF HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS, CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRONS, SUDDEN STOPPAGE OF ELECTRON BEAM |
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Term
| SEPARATION OF ELECTRONS (FREE e-) |
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Definition
| DONE BY HEATING FILAMENT, CAUSING IT TO GLOW.SEPARATES e- FROM OUTER SHELL, CALLED THERMIONIC EMISSION WHICH CREATES A CLOUD OR SPACE CHARGE |
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Term
| PRODUCTION OF HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS |
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Definition
| DONE BY SEPARATING THE SPACE CHARGE BY APPLYING A SUFFICIENT VOLTAGE (kV). HIGH VOLTAGE CAUSES e- TO TRAVEL AT HIGH SPEEDS FROM CATHODE TO ANODE (ABOUT 1/2 SPEED OF LIGHT) DISTANCE FROM CATHODE TO ANODE IS 1-3 cm |
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Term
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Definition
| DIFFERENCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES AT THE ELECTRODE |
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Term
| CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRONS |
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Definition
| DONE BY MOLYBDENUM FOCUSING CUP. NEGATIVE CHARGE CONCENTRATES e- TO A PINPOINT STREAM |
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Term
| SUDDEN STOPPAGE OF ELECTRON BEAM |
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Definition
| UPTON STRIKING TARGET, e- BEAM IS STOPPED. KINETIC ENERGY OF THE e- BEAM CONVERTS TO 99.8% HEAT AND .2% XRAY |
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