Term
| For the Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx what kind of CR angle is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CR angle and where do you center for AP sacrum? |
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Definition
| CR 15* cephalad, to enter 2" superior to pubic symphysis. (Technologist may have to angle 20* cephalad for patients w greater posterior curve or tilt of the sacrum and pelvis) |
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Term
| What is the CR angle for the coccyx and where do you center? |
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Definition
| CR 10* caudad, to enter 2" superior to pubic symphysis. (Technologist may have to angle 15* caudad if greater anterior curve of the coccyx) |
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Term
| Which body plane is aligned to the midline of the table for the AP Axial Coccyx and AP Axial Sacrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the symphysis pubis is superimposing the coccyx, what error has occurred? |
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Definition
| Not enough angle on the tube; not angled caudad enough |
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Term
| Lead mat/masking does what for a lateral image? |
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Definition
| reduces the amount of scatter that reaches the IR |
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Term
| Where do you center for the lateral sacrum? |
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Definition
| At the level of the ASIS and 3 1/2" posterior |
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Term
| Where do you center for the Lateral Coccyx? |
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Definition
| 4" posterior to ASIS and 2" distal to ASIS |
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Term
| What images are obtained to access mobility at a spinal fusion site? |
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Definition
| Lateral Positions- Hyperextention and Heperflexion: Spinal Fusion Series |
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Term
| Which method obtains an image with a 2" block on the convex side on the 2nd image to evaluate scoliosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it better to do a scoliosis series PA? |
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Definition
| Less gonadal dose and Less breast dose |
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Term
| On the AP oblique projection, are you viewing the zygapophyseal joints closest are farthest away from the IR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the anteriorly projecting body process on the sacrum? -- The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the sacrum articulates with the pelvis to form the SI joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which portion of the sacrum is most posterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| The PA oblique projection of the lumbar spine visualizes the zygapophyseal joints that are: |
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Definition
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Term
| At what angle does the intervertebral foramen sit on the Lumbar vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| To view the zygapophyseal joints of the upper Lumbar vertebrae (L1 and L2) what degree of obliquity is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| To view the zygapophyseal joints of the lower Lumbar vertebrae (L3 and L5) what degree of obliquity is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of each lamina between the superior and inferior articular process is termed the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| On lateral lumbar spine if the lumbar disk spaces appear closed what should be done? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do you center for the AP lumbar spine? (smaller IR) |
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Definition
| L3 or 1 1/2" about Iliac Crest |
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Term
| Where do you center for the AP lumbosacral spine? (larger IR) |
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Definition
| center to level of iliac crest (L4-L5 interspace) |
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Term
| Destructive lesions with irregular margins |
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Definition
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Term
| proliferated bony lesions of increased density |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior wedging of vertebrae; loss of body height |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CR angle for the AP Axial L5-S1 junction for a male patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CR angle for the AP Axial L5-S1 junction for a female patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the AP and Lateral Lumbar Spine, what is the minimum SID? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the AP and Lateral Lumbar Spine, what is the recommended SID? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the sacrum or coccyx require a lower kVp and mAs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Along the upper surface of each pedicle is a half-moon shaped area called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Along the lower surface of each pedicle is a half-moon shaped area called: |
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Definition
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Term
| When vertebrae are stacked, the superior and inferior vertebral notches line up, and the two half moon shaped areas form a single opening called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which positions allow you to view the Transverse process? |
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Definition
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Term
| This projects posteriorly at the midline junction of the two laminae: |
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Definition
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Term
| How many SETS of sacral foramina are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many posterior sacral foramina are their? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms a bridge between the transverse processes, lateral masses, and spinous process? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many adult vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical vertebra is made up of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Vertebral Arch of the Lumbar vertebrae has how many processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| To see the entire Mortise joint of the ankle how much rotation is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| To visualize the cuboid which projection is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| For an AP oblique projection of the toes, what kind of CR angle is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| When performing a lumbar spine radiograph - what position/projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? |
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Definition
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Term
| When performing a lumbar spine radiograph - what position/projection best demonstrates the Transverse process? |
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Definition
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Term
| When performing a lumbar spine radiograph - what position/projection best demonstrates the Zygapophyseal Jts |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the ear of the scottie dog? |
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Definition
| superior articular process |
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Term
| What makes up the nose of the scottie dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the eye of the scottie dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the neck of the scottie dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the leg of the scottie dog? |
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Definition
| Inferior articular process |
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Term
| "open" posterior vertebra, exposure of part of the spinal cord. failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close |
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Definition
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Term
| forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1. Forward slipping of one vertebra in relation to another. |
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Definition
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Term
| defect in the pars interacticularis ("scottie dog" appearing to wear a collar). Breaking down of a vertebra |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another term for the sarcal horns? |
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Definition
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Term
| Formal term for "tail bone" |
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Definition
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Term
| The name for the upper broad aspect of the coccyx: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fx of the vertebral body caused by hyperflexion force |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common at L4-5 level and may result in sciatica |
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Definition
| Herniated Nucleus Pulposus |
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Term
| What can be evaluated to determine whether rotation is present on AP Lumbar spine? |
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Definition
SI joints are equidistant from the spine
R and L transverse processes are equal in length |
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Term
| Which positioning error has occurred if the pedicle of the scotty dog is projected too far posterior on the oblique lumbar spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which position or projection of the L-spine best demonstrates a possible compression fx? |
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Definition
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Term
| how should the spine of a patient w/ scoliosis be positioned for a lateral position of the L-spine? |
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Definition
| place the sag, or convexity, of the spine down |
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Term
| which side should be elevated for the second exposure for the ferguson scoliosis series? |
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Definition
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Term
| A radiograph of an LPO projection of the L-spine reveals that the downside pedicles and zygapophyseal joints are projected over the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies. Which specific positioning error is present? |
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Definition
| Underrotation - insufficient rotation of the spine should be to midvertebral bodies |
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Term
| A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the coccyx reveals that the distal tip is superimposted over the sym pub. How do you fix? |
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Definition
| An increase in CR angle is required to separate the coccyx from the sym pub. |
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Term
| Oblique position of the l-spine reveals that the downside pedicle and zyg. jts. are posterior in relation to the vertebral body. how do you fix? |
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Definition
| decrease rotation of the body and spine |
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Term
| Which specific projection of the L-spine series will best demonstrate spondylolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to C and T-spines, the lumbar spinous processes are: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the pars interarticularis found? |
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Definition
| between the superior and inferior articular processes |
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Term
| what are the characteristics of the vertebra that identify it as a Lumbar vertebra rather than Thoracic? |
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Definition
Large vertebral body
large, blunt spinous process |
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Term
| describe the body build that may require a CR angle to open the intervertebral jt spaces w a lateral projection of the L-spine, even if the patient has some support under the waist |
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Definition
| patient w/ wide pelvis and narrow thorax |
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Term
| a radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicles are projected toward the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies. what must be done to correct this error during the repeat? |
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Definition
| decrease rotation of the spine |
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Term
| AP of the sacrum shows that the sacrum is forshortented and the foramina are not open. What positioning error led to this problem? |
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Definition
| insufficient cephalad CR angulation or the CR was angled in the wrong direction |
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Term
| One fourth of the length of the vertebral column is made up of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| On average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are: |
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Definition
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Term
| On average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are: |
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Definition
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Term
| A left lateral lumbar image w/ poor positioning demonstrates rotation. The posterior ribs that are most magnified and projected inferiorly are rotated anteriorly. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal image to be obtained? |
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Definition
| Rotate the patients right side posteriorly |
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Term
| _______ is formed by the fused spinous processed of the sacral vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| Zygapophyseal Joints are classified as: |
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Definition
| Synovial/Diathrodial (Plane/gliding) |
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Term
| Inververtebral Joints are classified as: |
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Definition
| Cartilaginous (symphysis)/Amphiarthrodial (slightly movable) |
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Term
| True of False: Osteoblastic lesions often produce greater bone density than the surrounding structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| An inflammatory condition that often results in fusion of the intervertebral and costovertebral joints is termed: |
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Definition
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Term
| True of False: The sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in males than in females. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much rotation of the body is required for an oblique position of the midlumbar spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following positioning lines helps determine CR angle for a lateral L5-S1 projection? |
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Definition
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