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| a social construction where biological traits are given social meaning |
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| are traits which everyone has more or less of --> height, wheight, hair color, hair texture, athletic ability |
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| are traits which are unique and distinct --> color blindness, blood type |
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| the grouping of people based on their historical and cultural ancestry setting them apart from others. |
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-a group whose members are viewed by the dominant group as inferior because of some visible characteristics.
-does NOT refer to numerical size
-has a lot to do with one's position in the stratification system |
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| involves pre-judgement, attitude (thought) |
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| involves behavior (action) |
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| Institutional discrimination |
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-discrimination built onto the structure adn form of society
-ex: video we watched
-can include practices in housing, education, employment, law enforcement |
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| when agression is directed away from real source of frustration to a safer/more convinient target (displaced) |
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| What did the census bureau do in 2000? |
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In 2000 the U.S. Census Bureau changed the way people could choose race.
--So you can choose more than 1 box. |
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| belief that your culture is the best & that others should be judged by it. |
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| attributing a fixed, exagerated, distorted, and usually unfavorable or inaccurate conception to a category of people. |
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| Unprejudiced discriminators |
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| ex: you are not prejudice against no one, but in your job, your boss tells you not to rent to blacks. |
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| Prejudiced nondiscriminators |
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| ex: they may not like a particular group of people, but they treat you the same |
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| they think bad things about someone and they treat them bad as well. |
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| Unprejudiced nondiscriminators |
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| they treat everyone equally |
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*illegal immigrants
*2 types of poeple, where 1 is wanting to work for lower wages. |
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| Cooperation between various racial/ethnic groups & each ratains its own identity. |
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| minority group loses its identity & conforms to the dominant group. In the U.S. the "melting pot" usually was really Anglo-conformity. |
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physical/social exclusion of minority groups from the dominant group.
*De facto-by fact
*De jure-by law |
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| Deliberate & systematic elimination of a minority group |
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| Dominant grouops (caucasian western europeans) 25% of population |
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| American Indians & alaskan natives |
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| 2nd largest minority group. Note Brown vs. Board of education of Topeca SC decision (1954) declared segregated educational facilities to be inherently unequal 12% of population |
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| the largest minority group 13% of population |
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| fastest growing minority group |
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| both industrial and Democratic, poor |
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| socialist and communistic... ex. soviet union |
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| refers to biological difference, different roles in reproduction. |
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| Refers to learned behavior and cultural expectations about how men and women are to act in a given society genter is CULTURALLY DEFINED. |
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| person with both genitalia |
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| refers to sexual feelings attractions and actions directed toward members of the same sex. |
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| an intense dislike of or prejudice against homosexuals. ex. AIDS seen as "God's revenge" on gay people |
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| emotional/relationship based activities |
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| blending gender attributes ex.clothing, hairstyle |
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| individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex of their birth. |
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| Individuals who undergo surgery to change thei biological sex |
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| the belief that one sex is superior and should dominate the other sex. |
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| a system where males dominate |
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-boys are taught to play w/certain types of toys
-the proportion of women teaching little kids is large and decreases a lot for teaching older kids and getting masters |
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-pink collar occupations
-gender tracking
glass ceiling |
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| Refers to many diverse groups promoting fairness and equality between sexes around the world |
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*women's oppression comes from male domnation
*women must create separate institutions for men
*a relationship w/coersion can never be equal
*promote same sex relationschips |
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*women are judged inferior because of the capitalist class-based system
*sexism helps reproduce capitalism through the low-paying labor of women.
*Socialist Revolution
*mainly working class women |
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*most moderate
*idea that all people are created equal
*no one should be denied opportunity because of their sex
*they incorporate men
*Middle class women, white
*Assimilating |
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| made posters to promote sexism |
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| ratio of people who are dependent to those who are working |
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| natural deterioration of cells/organs due to aging |
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| people engage in a psychological reconstruction of the past (not necessaraly a midlife crisis) |
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| people born between '45 and '64 (77 million people). today the youngest of this groiup are in their 40's |
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*in nomatic societies, the group is threatened by their survival. Elderly may be abandoned
*In horticultural or agrarian elderly are more likely to own land and are held in esteem . (ex: amish)Gerontocracy |
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| Elderly population grows, but they have declining social status as the middle aged take over the workforce |
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*AGEISM-the belief that people in a particular agae category are inferior to those in other age categories
*POLITICAL MOBILIZATION-organizations like AARP and Gray Panthers help the elderly |
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| Functionalism:SOCIAL DISENGAGEMENT theory |
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| contends that as people get older they both begin to socially withdrawl and are relieved of social responsibilities |
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| Symbolic Interactionalim: Activity Theory of aging |
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| posits that the degree to which a person remains engaged in meaninful social activity determines that person's quality of life. |
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| Conflict Theory- Subculture theory of aging |
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| assumes the aging must complete with other groups for scarse resources. indicates that older person's form a distict subculture of similarity situated individuals. |
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| Combined perspectives:exchange theory of Aging |
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| says the aging, like all groups, are governed by the norm of reciprocity |
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| statuses based on cultural heritage and shared "feelings of peoplehood" |
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| norms that require people to find mates within a specific group or social category |
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| a norm that requires people to find marriage partners outside their own groups or social category |
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| 2 or more closely related families who share a household and are economically and emotionally bound to others in the group |
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| "gentle death" or "merciful death" helping the terminally ill to die free of pain and with as much dignity as posible. |
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| 2 OR MORE PEOPLE WHO ARE RELATED BY BLOOD, MARRIAGE OR ADOPTION |
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| the family into which an individual is born |
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| the family that a person forms at his or her marriage |
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| an organization with the goal of eliminating ageism in all its forms. |
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| a category op people who are set apart for unequal treatment because of physical or cultural characteristics. |
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| the marriage of one woman and one man |
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| the scientific study of death and dying |
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| Transnational corporations |
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| corporations that own companies and search for profits all over the globe. |
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| a marriage pattern in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime, but only one at a time |
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| when 2 people live together without legal marriage |
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| families in which husbands and wives have both family and career |
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| static and oversymplified ideas about a group or a social category |
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| an environment designed for the care of the terminally ill, where individuals are allowed to die a relatively pain-free comfortable, and dignified death |
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| bringing together people from diverste social backgrounds so that they share common social experiences and develop commonly held norms, attitudes and beliefs |
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| parents and their children who live apart from other kin |
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| a network of people whose social relationships are based on common ancestry (blood) marriage, adoption, and /or affiliation(godparents) |
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| Institutional discrimination |
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| unequal treatment of a group that is deeply embedded in social institutions. |
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| as mothers come home from work another full time of wife and mother starts |
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| asserts that the elderly compete with younger members of society with younger members of society for the same resources and social rewards and suffer a variety of disadvantages because of their relative lack of social power |
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| Among certain Native American peoples, a person, usually a male, who assumes the gender identity and is granted the social status of the opposite sex. |
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| which denies federal recognition of gay marriages and gives each state the right to refuse recognition of same-sex marriage licenses issued by other states. The act does not prohibit states from allowing gay marriages, neither does it obligate states to recognize the gay marriages from other states. |
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| means to conform to the American way of life such as speaking, dressing, foods, etc... |
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| No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance... |
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| Mommy track is a career path determined by work arrangements offering mothers certain benefits, such as flexible hours, but usually providing them with fewer opportunities for advancement. |
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