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| Earth’s interior is made up of |
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| Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, and Magnesium |
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outer part of earth which is rocky; it is thinner at the ocean than at continents. |
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| boundary about 40 km below surface, 7 km on ocean floor |
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| the crust and upper mantle it floats on the Asthenosphere |
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| near top of; mantle, high temp. and pressure causes small melting of rock. – Less dense rock rises and others sink |
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| 2 parts of the core and contents |
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| outer is liquid, probably made of iron, responsible for magnetic field. Inner is sold, iron and nickel |
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| liquid, solids, and gases form cells, bring new rock to crust. Evidence suggest entire continent drift on convection |
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| Area where plates stick together as they try to move pressure builds and earthquakes occur |
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source of earthquake waves travel in all directions below surface |
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| primary waves) fast moving longitudinal waves. 1rst to reach equipment. Also, it can travel through any material |
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| (Secondary waves) slow moving transverse waves. They move side to side, through solids only |
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| (L waves) – interaction of p and s waves, cause surface to shake and roll, worst destruction |
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| area in Earth not affected by P and S waves because of density of material |
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| instrument used to record earthquakes need S location to locate epicenter |
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| size and magnitude of earthquakes measures amount of energy released |
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| hypothesized continents were once joined together called Pangaea |
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| in crust through which magma reaches Earth’s surface |
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| edge of Pacific Ocean lots of volcanoes and earthquakes |
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| bend in rock caused by force |
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- process of mountain building (orogenic belts) – Rock mountains
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large areas lifted without breaking rocks |
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| angle at which rock layer is tilted from horizontal |
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| forms a straight line from dip |
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| occurs when force is great enough to break rock and not fold. – no movement along facture is called a joint |
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| area where crust is spreading. – in middle of Atlantic ocean, molten rock from mantle rises through rifts or cracks in ocean floor. – Forms mid – Atlantic Ridge. Also on land as the Great Rift Valley in Africa |
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| when plates press together. Produces mountains, volcanoes, and ocean trenches. Marianna trench |
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| where one plate is forced under another. Oceanic plate under continental plate forming a trench. Marianna trench is 11,000 m deep, greatest depth reached |
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| when 2 plates slide past each other in opposite directions. Ex. San Andreas fault |
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| form along a fracture where there is movement |
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Earth’s crust is pulled apart known as tension. As the crust moves and tilts form Fault Block Mountains |
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| when the crust is pushed together known as compression. (Thrust fault) – angle is very low |
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| crust drags against each other in opposite directions known as shear. Hanging wall and footwall move parallel to each other. Ex. San Andreas. |
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