Term
Encourager:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| praises, agrees with, and accepts the contributions of others |
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Term
Harmonizer:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| mediates the differences between other members |
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Term
Compromiser:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| modifies his or her own position in the interest of group harmony |
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Term
Gatekeeper and expediter:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| keeps communication channels open by regulating its flow and facilitating participation of others |
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Term
Standard-setter:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| expresses ideal standards for the group to aspire to |
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Term
Group observer and commentator:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| comments on and interprets the process of the group |
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Term
Follower:
Group Building and Maintenance role |
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Definition
| passively accepts ideas of others and goes along with the movement of the group |
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Term
| Initiator-contributor: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| suggests new ideas, innovative solutions to problems, unique procedures, and new ways to organize |
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Term
| Information-seeker:(group task roles) |
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Definition
| asks for clarification of suggestions, focuses on facts |
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Term
| Opinion seeker: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| seeks clarification of values and attitudes presented |
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Term
| Information giver: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| offers facts or generalizations “automatically” |
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Term
| Opinion giver: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| states beliefs or opinions |
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Term
| Elaborator: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| spells out suggestions and gives examples |
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Term
| Coordinator: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| clarifies relationships among various ideas |
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Term
| Orienter: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| defines position of group with respect to its goals |
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Term
| Evaluator-critic: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| subjects accomplishments of group to some standard of group functioning |
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Term
| Energizer: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| prods the group into action or decision |
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Term
| Procedural technician: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| expedites group’s movement by doing things for the group such as distributing materials, arranging seating |
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Term
| Recorder: (group task roles) |
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Definition
| writes down suggestions and group decisions, acts as the “group memory” |
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Term
aggressor
individual roles |
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Definition
| deflates the status of others, expresses disapproval of the values, acts or feelings of others; attacks the group or group task, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| tends to be negativistic or stubbornly resistant, opposing beyond reason or maintaining issues the group has rejected |
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Term
recognition-seeker
individual role |
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Definition
| calls attention to self through boasting, acting in unusual ways, or struggling to remain in the limelight |
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Term
self-confessor
individual role |
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Definition
| uses group as an audience for expressing non-group-oriented feelings, insights or ideologies |
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Term
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Definition
| displays lack of involvement through joking, cynicism, or nonchalance |
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Term
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Definition
| monopolizes group through manipulation, flattery, giving directions authoritatively, or interrupting the contributions of others |
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Term
help-seeker
individual role |
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Definition
| looks for sympathy from the group through unreasonable insecurity, personal confusion, or self-deprecation |
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Term
special interest pleader
individual role |
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Definition
| cloaks his or her own biases in the stereotypes of social causes, such as the laborer, the housewife, the homeless or the small businessman |
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Term
| High-context communication: |
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Definition
| places less emphasis on explicit verbal description of events and more emphasis on the context surrounding what is being said, such as the emotional tone or inflection of voice or other events in the broader social environment |
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Term
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Definition
| adjusting the extent to which one’s verbal communication is marked by emotionality in tone of voice and choice of words according to the situation at hand and one’s estimation of the client’s preference and level of tolerance for emotional intensity. |
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Term
| Low-context communication: |
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Definition
| places more emphasis on the literal spoken word and less emphasis on inflection, tone of voice, or to the context that frames the communication. People from low context cultures typically do not hypothesize about what was left unsaid or pay as close attention to subtle changes in inflection or tone. |
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Term
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Definition
| not based in a formally recognized spoken or signed language. Includes sounds, tone of voice, facial expression, body postures, movements, and gestures. |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that does not feel reciprocal to the therapist because it is initiated and sustained by the therapist without any apparent response from the client. |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that feels reciprocal to the therapist because it, at a minimum, involves some indication that the client has received the communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the process of recounting, accepting, and affirming any perception or experience a client offers. Involves speaking back to the clients’ inner reality and reconveying an understanding of what was said after they reveal something about their experience (one way to do this is through summary statements) |
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Term
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Definition
| brief statements that reflect the main points of what the client has said and does not involve asking questions, interpreting, or attempting to structure or guide the client’s conversation in any way. |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative approach that involves a therapist’s attempts to shape what the client is saying by making one or more summary-type statements that serve to clarify or organize what a client has said. |
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Term
| Verbal prompts and sounds: |
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Definition
| Includes expressions such as “Ah”, “Uh huh,” or “Umm.” May be used to remind the client that you are listening, highlight something a client has just said, or encourage a client to say more. DO NOT OVERUSE. These may be different culturally. |
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Term
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Definition
| gentle forms of inquiry designed to encourage a client to continue to communicate and/or to enrich what is being described. |
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Term
Empathetic listening
Guided Listening
Verbal prompts and sounds
Enrichment questions |
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Definition
| 4 types of therapeutic listening: |
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Term
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Definition
| expressing a confident, assertive, and, when appropriate, emotionally self-protective demeanor with clients- particularly clients who test boundaries, are anxious, or prefer structure and direction |
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Term
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Definition
| involves making deliberate efforts to make the client feel comfortable in one’s presence and to establish a common ground for communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of intentional statements and behaviors that allow the client to begin to trust in one’s personal and professional integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the nature and intensity of affect and the style in which affect is expressed by the client and the therapist. Frames how the client will experience his/her interaction with you. Influences the emotional memory. |
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Term
1. Rapport building
2. Impression management
3. Emotional climate |
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Definition
| Three things you want in order to establish relationships with clients: |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychological need to connect with others who are perceived as similar to us |
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Term
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Definition
| incorporates one’s knowledge of, respect for, and ability to incorporate the customs, behaviors, belief systems, world views, and health care practices of individuals with backgrounds different than one’s own |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to knowing how to use touch in a way that respects clients’ boundaries and meets interpersonal needs- whether they be for closeness or distance |
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Term
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Definition
| defines differences between people in any number of characteristics including but not limited to: age, sex, race, ethnicity, language, disability status, religious/spiritual orientation, economic status, educational level, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, political viewpoint, and national origin. |
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Term
| Managing emotional intensity |
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Definition
| Entails knowing how to react when clients exhibit feelings, includes: witnessing, showing emotional resonance, labeling, and intervening |
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Term
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Definition
| Services provided based on complex competencies with a well defined knowledge of human functioning and occupational performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Services that are routine or maintenance type therapy carried out by non professionals. |
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Term
1. Autocratic→ complete control of the group with little to no input from members
2. Democratic→ allows members to make choices
3. Laissez-faire→ to let the people do as they choose |
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Definition
| Lewin: 3 Fundamental Leadership Styles |
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Term
Telling→ leader focuses on worker getting job done with little interaction or input from group
Selling→ leader focuses on task, encourages relationship building and worker development
Participation→ leader focuses on building relationships and supporting worker initiatives
Delegating→ Leader gives workers independence in how they do their jobs with minimal direction |
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Definition
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Term
Intellectual stimulation: challenging followers to be creative, think differently, ask hard questions, to innovate
Individualized consideration: leader ability to connect to each follower, be in tune with follower needs and goals, understand follower strengths & pull those out to develop followers
Idealized influence: leader’s ability to be a positive role model
Inspirational motivation: ability to inspire followers to move them to action, create a compelling vision & align vision and goals between individual and organization |
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Definition
| Transformational Leadership: |
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Term
Directive→ telling workers what to do (with as much detail as needed)
Supportive→ showing concern for well-being, being approachable, & treating all members as equals
Participative→ leader consults with group members about topics, schedules and activities; encourages all team members to take equal responsibility
Achievement Oriented→ leaders motivate members through high-level challenges and by setting high expectations |
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Definition
| Path-Goal Theory of Leadership: |
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Term
Directive→ necessary for lower-functioning clients who do not have capabilities to make decisions or solve problems
Authority is used sparingly, only as necessary to make group therapeutic for members
Therapist structures environment and task, allows client to do as much as they can for themselves
Facilitative→ earns support of members by allowing them to make choices and showing care and concern
Useful in motivating clients and getting them involved
Convince group members that leader is on their side and represents their best interests
Advisory→ most passive, used when working with a group of professionals or community group
Most appropriate when working with families, caregivers, self-help groups, or community organizations
Use is limited to most highly functioning groups |
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Definition
| OT Group Leadership Styles |
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Term
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Definition
| 10 principles: Listening, empathy, healing, awareness (physical, social and political environments), persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community |
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Term
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan |
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Definition
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Term
C- Client
O-Occupation
A- Assist
S- Specific condition
T- Timeline |
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Definition
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Term
| Expression of strong emotions- |
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Definition
Bring their private emotional states with them into therapy
Express emotion in reaction to a task or activity of therapy
Have an emotional reaction to something the therapist says or does |
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Term
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Definition
| Restrictions on the available or possible services, time, resources, or therapist actions |
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Term
| Emotionally charged situations |
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Definition
| Activities or circumstances that can lead clients to become overwhelmed or experience uncomfortable emotional reactions such as embarrassment, humiliation or shame. |
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Term
| Contextual inconsistencies |
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Definition
| Any aspect of a client’s interpersonal or physical environment that changes during the course of therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a therapist fails to notice or understand a communication from a client or initiates a communication or behavior that is perceived by the client as hurtful or insensitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A client behavior that violates or asks the therapist to act in ways that are outside the defined therapeutic relationship. |
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Term
| Resistance and reluctance |
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Definition
Resistance is the clients passive or active refusal to participate in some or all aspects of therapy for some reasons linked to the therapeutic relationship
Reluctance is disinclination toward some aspect of therapy for reasons outside the therapeutic relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
Un anticipated, stressful events that cause clients to become distracted and/or that temporarily interfere with clients’ ability for occupational engagement.
Ex. A change in the client’s health status |
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Term
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Definition
Communications that do not involve the use of formal language.
-Ex. facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
| Tensions that arise in the therapeutic relationship because of clients’ innate feelings about issues of power, the inherent situation of therapy, the therapist’s behavior, and/or other circumstances that underscore clients lack or loss of power over aspects of their lives. |
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Term
| Intimate self-disclosures |
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Definition
| Statements or stores that reveal something unobservable, private, or sensitive about the person making the disclosure. |
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Term
Introduction
Activity
Sharing
Processing
Generalizing
Application
Summary |
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Definition
| 7 steps for group leadership: |
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