Term
| effects of WW1 on the economy |
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Definition
| government agencies removed their controls from the American economy, people raced to buy goods that had been rationed, businesses rapidly raised prices they were forced to keep low during the war, ***RAPID INFLATION, rose at an average of 15% |
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Definition
| cost of food, clothing, shelter, and other essentials that people need to survive |
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| strike that involves all workers living in a certain location, not just workers in a particular industry |
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| paralyzed city for 5 days, strikers actions worried many Americans because the general strike was a common tactic used in Europe by Communists and other radical groups |
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| organization for coordinating the activities of communist parties in other countries, confirmed by Soviet Union in 1919 |
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| strikes (boston police strike, seattle general strike, steel strike, racism towards african americans for taking jobs(race riots began) ***fear of communists conspiring to start revolution in the United States |
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| ones of largest strikes in us history, steel workers went on strike for higher pay, shorter hours, and recognition for their union, company blamed strike on foreign radicals and and let americans return to work w/ african americans and mexicans, |
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| United States Attorney General, house was damaged in bombs in 8 cities, most people believed bombs were from communists or other revolutionaries trying to destroy the American way of life, ***palmer declared raids called palmer raids and made FBI and general intelligence division, palmers agents in raids focused on foreign residents and immigrants, detained thousands and deported nearly 600 |
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Definition
| headed the General Intelligence Division created by Palmer, was a special division in justice department |
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Term
| conditions that African Americans faced after end of WW1 |
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Definition
| racism for taking jobs of returning soldiers, riots towards African Americans, |
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Term
| how did Palmers raids deprive some citizens of civil rights |
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Definition
| targeted foreigners and immigrants, and people eventually linked radicalism with immigrants and that attitude led congress to call for a limit on immigration |
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Term
| causes and effects of anti-immigration prejudices |
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Definition
| causes: economic recession, influx of immigrants, and racial and cultural tensions effects: ku klux klan, scco-vanzetti case, pseudo-scientific racism, emergency quota act ect. |
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Definition
| 2 ment shot and killed two employees of slater and morrill shoe company in south braintree, police arrested Sacco and Vanzetti, newpapers around country revealed that 2 immigrants were anarchists and many people leaped to conclusion that they were guilty because the 2 men were italian immigrants and anarchists, jury found them guilty and sentenced them to death |
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| people who oppose all forms of government |
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| pseudo-science that deals with improving hereditary traits, developed in europe emphasized that human inequalities were inherited and warned against breeding the "unfit' or "inferior, fueled argument for superiority of the "original" american stock(white protestants of northern european descent) |
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| on forefront of movement to restrict immigration, flourished after civil war and used threats and violence to intimidate newly freed african americans as well as catholics, jews, immigrants, and other groups believed to represent "un-american" values. |
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Definition
| founded the new ku klux klan in atlanta georgia in 1915, former circuit-riding methodist preacher --> pledged to preserve america's white, protestant civilization |
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Definition
| established a temporary quota system, limiting immigration: only 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the united states, could be admitted in a single year. |
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Term
| national origins act if 1924 |
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Definition
| made immigrant restriction a permanent police, tightened the quota system, setting quotas at 2% of each national group residing in the country in 1890, also replaced 1924 quotas with a limit of 150,000 immigrants admitted per year, percentage allotted to each nationality would now be based on the 1920 census --> european countries accounted for 87% of total immigration quota |
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Term
| new morality and women in 1920s |
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Definition
| ideals of loving family and personal satisfaction, women defined the new morality because many single working class women held jobs simply because they needed the wages for themselves or for their families |
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Term
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Definition
| name derived from series of pamphlets titled the fundamentals, religious movement that believed the bible was literally true and without error, defended protestant faith against ideas that implied that human beings derived their moral behavior from society and nature, not god, and rejected darwins theory of evolution, instead they believed in creationism:god created the world as described in bible |
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Term
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| Darwin's theory: said that humans developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of years |
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Term
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| believed by fundamentalists, god created the world exactly as described in bible |
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| clash b/w creationists and evolutionists, john t scopes taught evolution in class which was illegal cuz of Butler Act in TN, william jennings brian represented creationists, clarence darrow defended scopes, after 8 days scopes was found guilty and fined $100 EFFECT: fundamentalists found themselves isolated from mainstream protestantism, and commitment to political activism declined |
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| also known as the National Prohibition Act, made to try to enforce the 18th amendment which marked the prohibition of alcohol which would reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty |
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Definition
| a governments power to control people and property in the interest of public safety, health, welfare, and morals |
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Definition
| secret bars where people could purchase alcohol |
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Term
| how did the American public respond to prohibition |
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Definition
| made speakeasies, bootlegging or illegal production and distribution of liquor, organized crime, smuggling liquor, |
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Definition
| established as a system for buying and selling shares of companies, |
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Definition
| long period of rising stock prices |
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Term
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Definition
| made only small cash down payment when people bough stocks this way, as low as 10% of the price |
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Term
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Definition
| to protect loan, issued by broker, demanding the investor to repay the loan at once, as result many investors were very sensitive to any fall in stock prices |
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Term
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Definition
| instead of investing in the future of the companies whose shares they bought, they took risks, betting that the market would continue to climb, thus enabling them to sell the stock and make money quickly |
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Term
| why did the stock market crash cause banks to fail? |
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Definition
1.) many banks had lent money to stock speculators
2.) many banks had invested in depositors' money in the stock market, hoping for higher returns than they could get by using the money for conventional loans
----when stock values collapsed the banks lost money on their investments, and the speculators defaulted on their loans, and many banks cut drastically on the loans they made, and with less credit available consumers and businesses were unable to borrow as much money as they had previously |
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Term
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Definition
| plan under which they would make a small down payment and pay the rest in monthly installments, some buyers reached a point where paying off their debts forced them to reduce other purchases |
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Term
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Definition
| raised the average tariff rate to the highest level in american history, aimed to protect american manufacturers from foreign competition, but it damaged american sales abroad because the imports cost more and european countries responded by raising own tariffs against american products |
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Term
| causes of great depression |
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Definition
| stock market crash, banks fail, uneven distribution of income, loss of export sales, |
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Definition
| people without jobs joined these, private charities set up to give poor people a meal |
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Term
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Definition
| newly homeless people put up shacks on unused or public lands, and formed these communities |
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Term
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Definition
| farmers left great plains because plows uprooted wild grasses that held the soil's moisture, new settler then blanketed teh region with wheat fields, and crop prices dropped and farmers left many of fields uncultivated and when drought hit soil dried to dust |
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Definition
| Animal crackers, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Wizard of Oz, Mr. Smith goes to Washington, Gone with the Wind |
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Definition
| with Thomas Hart Benton, led the regionalist school, which emphasized traditional values, especially those of rural midwest and south, most famous painting: American Gothic |
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| novelist who reported poverty and misfortune of the great depression, wrote the Grapes of Wrath which tells story of oklahoma family fleeing the dust bowl to find a new life in CA |
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Definition
| author who wrote The Sound and the Fury which in it he shows what his characters are thinking and feeling before they speak, in doing this he exposes hidden attitudes of southern whites and african americans in a fictional mississippi county |
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Term
| effects of great depression |
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Definition
| bank failures, art flourished, dust bowl, rise of hobos, entertainment(radio, movies) |
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Term
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Definition
| government financed building projects |
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Term
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Definition
| money that went directly to impoverished families |
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Term
| how did hoover's philosophy of gov't guide his response to the depression? |
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Definition
| he believed that only state and city gov'ts should dole out relief but by the spring they were running out of money, and he refused to increase government spending, also believed that government had to make sure that banks could make loans to corporations so they could expand production and rehire workers |
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Term
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Definition
| veteran soldiers who marched to washington to ask for their bonuses in advance, they camped in hoovervilles, but the senate voted the bonus bill down, and the veterans got in a fight with the police and army and this made an ugly picture because us was going against own men and hoover got hurt from this in re-election campaign |
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Term
| american reactions to depression |
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Definition
| veterans march for bonuses for more money, hunger marches, raided and looted stores, farmers revolt |
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Term
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Definition
| creditors foreclosed on nearly 1 million farms, taking possession of them and evicting the families, farmers began to destroy their crops in a desperate attempt to raise crop prices by reducing the supply |
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Term
| causes of anti-immigration prejudices |
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Definition
| red scare, european immigrants, eugenics, job competition, economic recession |
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Term
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Definition
| return of KKK, sacco-vanzetti case, gov't control of immigration |
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Term
| reconstruction finance corporation |
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Definition
| congress set this up requested by hoover, make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions, overly cautious and failed ot increase its loans in sufficient amounts to meet the need, and the economy continued its decline |
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Term
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Definition
| led by american communists party, marches assembled and chanted, police herded them into a blocked-off area where they had to spend the night sleeping on the sidewalk or in trucks, police denied them food, until some members of congress insisted on the marchers' right to petition their gov't |
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