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| In a classical experiment the researcher... |
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| controls the treatment or manipulation of the independent variable |
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| are based on theory and reflected on the studies hypothesis |
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| Quasi-experimental research... |
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| relies on naturally occurring conditions not controlled by the researchers (e.g. sex, student classification, people fired, etc.) |
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| Answers the question, “Do two groups differ after the stimulus is presented to only one group?” |
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| Answers the question, “Is the measurement of the dependent variable different at time 2 than at time 1?” |
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| Two or more independent variables are tested for the influence on the dependent variable. |
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| has two or more independent variables |
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| Which of the following statistical tests is used when you have one independent variable with two levels (or categories) and one dependent variable that is measured on a scale (continuous). |
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| compares the observed frequency with the expected frequency. |
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| restricted to one independent variable with only two levels. |
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| A paired comparison t-test: |
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| compares two matched scores from the same person. |
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| When a researcher uses an ANOVA, you can assume that: |
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Definition
| the independent variable(s) is/are nominal level data and the dependent variable is continuous level data. |
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| To test for the interaction effect with two discrete independent variables and one continuous dependent variable, the statistic may be: |
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| two-way or a factorial ANOVA |
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| Test you use when you have only one variable and compare expected probabilities versus observed |
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| Test you use when you have one independent variable with two levels and one dependent continuous variable |
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| Test you use when you have one independent variable with more than two levels and one dependent continuous variable |
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| Test you use when you have two or more independent variables that are discrete and one dependent continuous variable |
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| Test you use when you have two discrete variables only and no continuous variable, you compare expected versus observed |
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| When you are testing for differences with t-tests or ANOVA, you are comparing... |
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Definition
| means of the dependent variable across groups or categories of the independent variable(s) |
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| An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is based on the idea that for groups or categories to be different, the variability across these groups needs to be ___________ the variability within groups. |
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Given the following hypotheses:
H1: Individuals who are single will text less than those involved in a romantic relationship.
H2: Individuals who are younger than 25 years old will text more than individuals who are 25 years or older.
The appropriate test to test both hypotheses below the same time is....
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Term
| A linear relationship is one in which: |
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| a one-unit change in one variable is associated with a constant change in the other variable, the constant change can be positive or negative. |
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| A correlation is the statistical test for: |
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Definition
| testing the linear relationship between two continuous level variables. |
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| A correlation coefficient must be interpreted both for its... |
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| significance and strength |
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| For tests of relationship in communication studies, the significance level (p-value) is usually set at: |
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| .05 as the criterion for making the decision to accept the research hypothesis. |
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| A correlation coefficient can range from: |
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| Regression is superior to correlation because it: |
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Definition
*can test for the relationship of the dependent variable with more than one independent variable.
* can be used with more than two variables.
*can help predict one variable variables by knowing others. |
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Term
| Multiple regression allows a researcher to test for a significant relationship between: |
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| a continuous dependent variable and multiple continuous independent variables separately and as a group. |
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| In simple linear regression, which of the following results indicates there is no linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables? |
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| In a simple regression problem, if the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.6, this means that: |
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Definition
| 60% of the variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the variation in the independent variable. |
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Term
| In order to predict speech performance from grades in the formal written outline: |
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Definition
*there must be a correlation between grade in written formal outline and speech performances
*speech performance is the criterion (dependent) variable
*grade in formal outline is the predictor (independent) variable |
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Term
| In content coding, unit of analysis refers to: |
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Definition
| the standard or uniform unit that allows comparisons among categories. |
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| In content analysis, manifest content is the: |
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Definition
| description of the characteristics of the content itself. |
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| In a simple regression problem, if the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.95, this means that: |
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| 95% of the variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the variation in the independent variable. |
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