Term
| two categories of categorical data |
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Definition
| nominal and ordinal (above avg. avg. below avg., like eye color, male or female) |
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Term
| two categories of quantitative data |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a simple random sample |
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Definition
| equally likely chance to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| randomly select groups from random groups |
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Term
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Definition
| random picked from homogeneous data |
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Term
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Definition
| mistake on our part, swayed toward one side |
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Term
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Definition
| always present, can not be avoided |
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Term
| what is a contingency table good for |
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Definition
| reading 2 way frequencies |
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Term
| what are pie charts and bar charts good for |
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Definition
| what %, how many, marginal/conditional distributions |
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Term
| what is a histogram used for |
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Definition
| to see distribution shape |
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Term
| what are the distribution shapes |
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Definition
| symmetrical, skewed right, skewed left |
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Term
| what is shown in a box plot |
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Definition
| first and third quartiles, fences, median, and outliers |
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Term
| what is a time series used for |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you determine the central location |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you find variation |
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Definition
| range, IQR (Q3-Q1), variance, standard deviation, and z scores |
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Term
| how do you find the z score |
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Definition
| value of interest-median/standard deviation |
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Term
| probability rule: probability must always be between ____ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| probability rule: grand total must not be over |
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Definition
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Term
| when do you use the addition rule |
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Definition
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Term
| under what conditions do you use the addition rule if it says OR or BOTH |
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Definition
| they must be mutually exclusive (disjoint), they can not happen at the same time |
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Term
| when do you use the multiplication rule |
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Definition
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Term
| under what circumstances do you use the multiplication rule when it says AND |
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Definition
| it can only happen if A and B are independent (does not influence the other) |
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Term
| when do you use the complement rule |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you find the complement rule |
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Definition
| 1- prob of not getting anything |
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Term
| individuals who answer the survey are referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| people whom we experiment on are |
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Definition
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Term
| animals, plants, website, and other inanimate subjects are often called |
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Definition
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Term
| the characteristics recorded about each individual or case are called |
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Definition
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Term
| in a ____________ two or more seperate data tables are linked together so that information can be merged across them. |
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Definition
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Term
| when a variable names categories and answers questions about how cases fall into those categories we call it a |
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Definition
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Term
| when a variable has measured numerical values with units and the variable tells us about the quantity of what is measured, we call it a |
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Definition
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Term
| categorical variables used only to name categories are sometimes called |
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Definition
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Term
| values that can be individually ordered are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| we have the same variable measured at regular intervals over time |
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Term
| what is cross-sectional data |
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Definition
| where several variables are measured at the same time point. |
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Term
| What you must know to analyze data |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an attempt to collect data on the entire population of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| a numerically valued attribute of a model for a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn |
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Term
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Definition
| a list of individuals from which the sample is drawn. |
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Term
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Definition
| distributions with two modes |
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Term
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Definition
| uses adjacent bars to show the distribution of values in a quantitative variable |
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Term
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Definition
| the description of how tightly clustered the distribution is around it center. measures of spread include the IQR and the standard deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| the standard deviation squared |
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