Term
| value for normal tidal volume |
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Definition
7 ml/kg of ideal body weight
(~500 mL) |
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Term
| value for anatomic dead space volume |
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Definition
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Term
| values measured with a spirometer |
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Definition
| tidal volume and vital capacity |
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Term
| name 3 ways to measure functional residual capacity (FRC) |
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Definition
| helium dilution, nitrogen washout, or body plethysmography |
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Term
| How do you calculate total ventilation (VE) (also called minute ventilation)? |
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Definition
| tidal volume (VT) x respiratory rate (RR) |
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Term
| Calculate PIO2: partial pressure of inhaled oxygen in the lungs |
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Definition
| 0.21 x (PB-PH2O) = 0.21 x (760 - 47) = 149 mmHg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the alveolar partial pressures of O2 and CO2 (PAO2, PACO2) at sea level? |
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Definition
| PAO2 = 100, PACO2 = 40 mmHg |
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Term
| Equation for alveolar PAO2 |
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Definition
| PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) +F (usually ignored, R = VCO2/VO2 ~ 0.8 |
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Term
| Equation for measuring physiologic dead space |
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Definition
| VD/VT = (PACO2-PECO2)/PACO2 = (PaCO2-PECO2)/PaCO2 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| normal SaO2 values (hemoglobin saturation) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| range between 22-32 mmol/L |
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Term
| causes of abnormally low PaO2 |
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Definition
| decrease in partial pressure of PIO2 (high altitude), hypoventilation, diffusion limitation in the lungs, shunting of blood, V/Q mismatch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pH is high, HCO3- is high |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| equation and normal values for calculation of anion gap |
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Definition
| [Na+]-[Cl-]+ [HCO3-]; normal range: 10-14 |
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Term
| Disorders in which diffusing capacity is is reduced: |
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Definition
| emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary edema, anemia |
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Term
| Disorders in which diffusion capacity is increased: |
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Definition
| polycythemia, alveolar hemorrhage, early heart failure |
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Term
| PFTs that are reduced in people with neuromuscular disease or respiratory muscle fatigue |
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Definition
| maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) |
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Term
| characteristics and examples of obstructive lung disease: |
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Definition
| decreased expiratory flows, decreased FEV1/FVC, TLC is normal or increased (hyperinflation); examples: asthma, emphysema |
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Term
| characteristics and examples of restrictive lung disease: |
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Definition
| decreased expiratory flows, but normal FEV1/FVc, decreased TLC, decreased compliance; examples: pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, neuromuscular disease, kyphoscoliosis |
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