Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| failure level for arterial oxygen |
|
Definition
| <50mm Hg or a drop > 10-15 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 36-42, >50 resp failure causing pH <.3 |
|
|
Term
| capillary blood gases that can be accurately measured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses light to determine what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated |
|
|
Term
| pulse oximetry critical levels |
|
Definition
| <94% requires oxygen, possibly slightly lower; with chronic oxygen deficiencies somewhat lower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accurately tests lung capacity |
|
|
Term
| Forced Vital Capacity clinical level of reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FEV1 (1 second forced expiratory volume) clinically significant level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow 25% - 75% of vital volume) clinically significant reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) clinically significant reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FEV1/FEC clinically significant ratio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide used to determine rate of gase diffusion across alveolar capillary membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| airway hyperreactivity; FEV1 measured, find concentration of provocative agent that drops FEV1 by 20% or greater (histamine, methacholine) |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic innervation of the lungs |
|
Definition
| vagus cholinergic neuron, NCNA |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation of the lungs |
|
Definition
| adrenergic neuron (non-innervated) |
|
|
Term
| chemical causes of dyspnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allergic inflammation cause of asthma |
|
Definition
| Th2 immune response; mediated by IgE, iNKT synthesis and abnormal t-cell response |
|
|
Term
| reactions in asthmatic airways |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle hypertrophy; desquamization of epithelium, replaced by goblet cells; mucus plugging |
|
|
Term
| activity at biphasic asthma response |
|
Definition
| 1st hour, due to release of inflammatory mediators; 4-20 hours: hyperreactivity of airway smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| asthma quick relief medications |
|
Definition
| beta agonists, anti-cholinergics, systemic steroids |
|
|
Term
| long-term asthma management medication |
|
Definition
| leukotriene modifiers; corticosteroids; cromolyn; long-acting beta-agonists; theophylin |
|
|
Term
| prednisone, prednisolone in asthma management |
|
Definition
| very effective against allergic inflammation but significant systemic SE |
|
|
Term
| mediators of beta agonists in asthma managment |
|
Definition
| cAMP inhibits MLCK and opens K+ channel |
|
|
Term
| Salmetrol in asthma management |
|
Definition
| weak anti-inflammatory action; allows persistent cAMP production (point confusing/unintelligible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-LOX inhibitor, leukotriene modifier |
|
|
Term
| Pranlukast, Zafirlukast, Montelukast |
|
Definition
| leukotriene D-4 antagonists |
|
|
Term
| 5-LOX inhibitors and LTD4 inhibitor action |
|
Definition
| leukotrienes have mild vasoconstrictive properties, used as asjuncts to other therapy to reduce amounts of beta agonists needed |
|
|
Term
| methylxanthines/theophylline MOA |
|
Definition
| inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and antagonism of receptor mediated activities of adenosine |
|
|
Term
| cromones (sodium cromoglycate) MOA |
|
Definition
| inhibition of mast cell mediator release; furosemide shares some of this action as they both inhibit Cl- channels |
|
|
Term
| COPD treatments, bronchodilators |
|
Definition
| anticholinergics (M1 and M3) ipratropium and oxitropium; long acting beta agonists Salmeterol and fometerol; methylxanthines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corticosteroids, methylxanthines |
|
|
