Term
|
Definition
| net filtration = (permeability x surface area) + (difference in hydraulic pressures - difference in oncotic pressures) |
|
|
Term
| definition of pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| accumulation of fluid in interstitium and alveoli |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in terms of the Starling relationship? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stage 1 of cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| subclinical, symptomatic only with exercise; widened mediastinum, some hilar infiltrates; dry alveoli, wet interstitium |
|
|
Term
| stage 2 of cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| wet alveoli, wet interstitium; dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia, crackles, frothy sputum |
|
|
Term
| 4 causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| MI, hypertensive attack, mitral valve disease, fluid overload |
|
|
Term
| most common causes of pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 causes of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| ARDS, re-expansion from hanging, re-expansion from drainage, high altitude, neurogenic |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of ARDS |
|
Definition
| onset in a few hours or 1-3days; dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia, altered mental status |
|
|
Term
| diagnostic criteria for ARDS |
|
Definition
| bilateral infiltrates on CXR, hypoxemia refractory to oxygen (PaO2/FiO2<200), no heart failure |
|
|
Term
| differential diagnosis for diffuse bilateral infiltrates that looks like ARDS |
|
Definition
| diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| barotrauma, infection, MODS, DVT, PE, DIC |
|
|
Term
| treatment/management for ARDS |
|
Definition
| treat underlying cause + mechanical ventilation at low tidal volume and high PEEP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a), type II>type I alveolar cells, increased permeability, less surfactant, more coagulation |
|
|
Term
| end result of pathophysiology of ARDS |
|
Definition
| atelectasis, impaired gas exchanged, decreased compliance -> respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
| direct lung injury associated with ARDS (5) |
|
Definition
| near drowning, inhalation, aspiration, pneumonia, reperfusion |
|
|
Term
| indirect lung injury associated with ARDS (4) |
|
Definition
| opiates, blood transfusion, sepsis, tissue necrosis |
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