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| transmitted in the form of continuously varying signals. Those variations correspond to changes in sound and light energy coming from the source |
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| regularly updated Internet journals or news forums that focus on a particular area of interest. |
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| individuals not formally trained as journalists, but who through the use of digital technology assist in the traditional news gathering and reporting process. |
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| software programming that attaches to a computer user’s e-mail address book and is spread to computers around the world |
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| a blending of media made possible by digitization |
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| the use of public relations strategies and tactics to deal with publics via and issues related to the Internet. |
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| instances of using the Internet to unfairly attack the integrity of an organization and/or its products and services. |
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| transmitted in a computer-readable format. Digital information is easy to use in a variety of media. |
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| transmitted in a computer-readable format. Digital information is easy to use in a variety of media |
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| the term used to describe the uneven distribution of Internet access along geographical and socioeconomics lines. |
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| financial activity conducted on the Internet |
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| concept first articulated by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, suggesting that because of advances in telecommunications technology, we live in a world in which everyone can share simultaneous experiences |
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| web sites dedicated to airing complaints, either real or imagined, against individuals or organizations. |
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| individuals who seek unauthorized access to websites and computer networks. Sometimes the motivation is personal amusement. However, a hacker’s purpose may be to steal, alter or damage data. |
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| integrated multimedia incorporating audio, visual, and text information is to show that a reasonable person would infer that a defamatory statement applies to the plaintiff. |
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| a controlled-access internal computer network available only to the employees of an organization. |
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| downloadable audio essay’s or programs |
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| computer software that permits users to customize information received automatically from the Internet. |
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| online technologies and practices that allow people to share information and opinions |
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| the often informal structures through which individuals and/or organizations maintain relationships |
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| the mass distribution of an advertising orientated e-mail message |
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| the unwelcome commercial use of instant messaging |
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| public relations of marketing information that is spread from person to person via e-mail |
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| a term used to describe the work of many small public relations consultancies |
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| a series of computer files maintained by an organization or individual that can accessed via the internet |
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| the 3rd stage of a crisis. During this stage, an organization deals with a crisis and its aftermath. How long this period lasts is influenced by the degree to which the organization is prepared to handle the crisis. |
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| a process for establishing the identity of people working in an otherwise restricted area. |
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| an event that if allowed to escalate can disrupt an organization’s normal operation’s, jeopardize its reputation, and damage its bottom line |
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| Crisis Communications Planning |
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| the 2nd step in effective crisit communications. In this step practitioners use the information gathered during risk assessment to develop strategies fro communicating with key publics during crises; they also train employees in what they are supposed to do in a crisis. |
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| the vertical axis on Steven Fink’s crisis plotting grid. Specific questions are used to measure the impact a given crisis would have on an organizations operations |
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| an internal task force established to manage an organization’s response to a crisis while allowing other operations to continue |
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| - the person designated as the leader of a crisis management team. When this person is not the chief executive of an organization, he or she is usually someone appointed by the chief executive. |
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| a broad-based internal task force that develops an organization’s crisis communications plan. |
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| a risk assessment tool developed by crisis planning expert Steven Fink for prioritizing crisis communications planning needs |
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| Crisis Probability Factor |
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| the horizontal axis on Steven Fink’s crisis plotting grid. It is an estimate of the probability that a given crisis will occur |
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| Emergency Operations Center |
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| the place where a crisis management team meets to develop its response to a crisis |
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| the 2nd stage of a crisis. Once this moment is reached, a crisis becomes unavoidable |
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| a commonplace occurrence of limited scope. People often confuse problems with crise |
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| the 4th and final step in effective crisis communications. In this step practitioners evaluate the quality of the organization’s response to a crisis and take appropriate actions as a result of the lessons learned |
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| the 3rd step in effective crisis communications. In this step practitioners utilize their crisis communications plan |
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| the 1st step in effective crisis communications. In the step practitioners identify potential hazards their organization may face |
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| the fourth and final stage of a crisis. During this stage the immediate threat created by the crisis is over, but its lingering effects are still felt. Although things may have returned to “normal”, normality now may be much different from what is was before the crisis. |
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| the 1st stage of a crisis. If warning signs are recognized and appropriate action is taken quickly, the negative effects of a crisis can be averted or minimized |
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| the process of creating and sending a persuasive message through controlled media, which allows the sender, for a price, to a dictate message, placement, and frequency |
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| in marketing, all informative encounters, direct or indirect, that a customer or potential customer has with an organization’s products or with the organization itself |
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| Customer Relationship Management |
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| the use of individual consumer information, stored in a database, to identify, select and retain customers |
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| the use of individual consumer information, stored in a database, to help plan marketing decisions |
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| structured data storage and retrieval systems. In certain situations, such as with commercial online databases, these systems can be accessed by multiple computer users simultaneously |
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| the delivery of individualized advertising to consumers one at a time, as opposed to mass advertising |
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| an organization's examination and analysis of its own marketing communications: procedures, databases, personnel, messages and so on |
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| Integrated Brand Communication |
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| the coordination of an organization’s marketing communications to clarify and strengthen individual consumers’ beliefs about a particular brand |
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| the process of researching, creating, refining, and promoting a product or service and distributing that producing or service to targeted consumers |
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| the four traditional aspects of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion |
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| Marketing Public Relations |
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| the use of the public relations process to promote an organization’s goods or services |
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| Partner Relationship Management |
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| the database driven management of the relationships an organization has with its business partners, including vendors, distributors, and business customers. |
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| prior to a marketing campaign, the use of public relations tactics to build a sense of awareness, need, or desire within a targeted public |
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| the management of relationships between an organization and the publics that can affect its success |
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| the use of public relations strategies and tactics to foster and enhance the shared interests and values of an organization and the publics important to its success |
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| the exchange of information, verbal and nonverbal, between individuals |
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| a diagram that depicts the elements of the process of communication |
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| occurring between members of different cultures |
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| a collection of distinct publics bound together by shared characteristics such as language, nationality, attitudes, tastes, and religious beliefs |
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| the process of deriving meaning from a message |
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| data on nonattitudinal characteristics of a person or group, such as race, gender, age, and income |
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| selecting words, images, and other forms of communication to create a message |
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| a marketing term for the examination of behavioral patterns based on where people live |
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| the growing economic interdependent of behavioral patterns based on where people live |
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| data on attitudinal characteristics of a person or group, such as political philosophy and religious beliefs |
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| placing relationships with individual consumers above profits, in the belief that good relationships lead to increased profits |
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