Term
|
Definition
| increased tone, hyperreflexia, clonus, positive Babinski, abnormal posture upper & lower extremities, abnormal timing muscle activation, 75% of all CP |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased tone, excessive joint ROM, postural instability,may be precursor to spastic or athetosis |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to basal ganglia, mixed tone, impaired postural control, increased latency of movement, oral-motor dysfunction leading to dysphagia & dysarthria, 20% 0f all CP |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to cerebellum, decreased tone, dysfunction in coordination & timing of movement, gait, postural control |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of extra chromosome on #21, instability atlantoaxial joint, hypotonic/joint hypermobility, congenital heart defects, intellectual disability, |
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Term
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Definition
| small stature, microcephalic, strabismus, short fingers, low set ears, hyperactive, short attention span, intellectual disability, due to little to excessive alcohol use during pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| rapidly progressive muscle weakness starting in legs & pelvis, later whole body; calf & thigh muscles initially enlarge, eventually replaced by fat & connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebral arches unfused but no herniation or displacement of meninges |
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Term
| spina bifida cystica meningocele |
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Definition
| vertebral arch unfused, no herniation of meninges, part of cord or nerve may be in a sac, function mildly involved or normal |
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Term
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Definition
| most common type of spina bifida, usually in lumbosacral region, vertebral arches unfused, herniation usually present, disruption/displacement of nerve or cord |
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Term
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Definition
| blood clot impairs blood flow, depriving brain of O2 & nutrients, leading to tissue death |
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Term
|
Definition
| traveling bits of matter (blood clot or plaque) formed elsewhere are released into bloodstream & lodge in central arteries, producing occlusion or infarction |
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Term
|
Definition
| rupture or trauma to cerebral blood vessels, causing abnormal bleeding |
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Term
| transient ischemic attack |
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Definition
| temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain caused by occlusive episodes, emboli, reduced cerebral perfusion or cerebrovascular spasm; significant clinical presursor to cerebral or myocardial infarction |
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Term
|
Definition
| paralysis in part of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| weakness in part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Broca's (expressive) aphasia |
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Term
| anterior cerebral artery occlusion |
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Definition
| more uncommon, usually presents with lower extremity more affected than upper or face, extensive frontal lobe infarction=significant behavioral changes |
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Term
| middle cerebral artery occlusion |
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Definition
| most common site, internal carotid supplies lateral aspects cerebral hemispheres (frontal, temporal, parietal), may cause homonymous hemianopsia (visual field defect), Wernicke's, Broca's or global aphasia, or apraxia (disorder of voluntary learned movement) |
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Term
| posterior cerebral artery occlusion |
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Definition
| arises from basilar artery, supplies occipital, medial & inferior temporal lobes, upper brainstem, midbrain, posterior diencephalon, most of thalamus |
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Term
| Upper extremity flexion synergy pattern |
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Definition
| scapular retraction, elevation, shoulder abduction external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, wrist & finger flexion |
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Term
| upper extremity extension synergy pattern |
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Definition
| scapular abduction, shoulder adduction, internal rotation, elbow extension, forearm pronation, wrist & finger flexion |
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Term
| lower extremity extension synergy pattern |
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Definition
| hip extension, adduction & internal rotation, knee extension, plantarflexion & inversion, toe flexion |
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Term
| lower extremity flexion synergy pattern |
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Definition
| hip flexion, abduction & external rotation, knee flexion, dorsiflexion & inversion, great toe extension, flexion toes 2-5 |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibition of reticular formation & vestibular nuclei lost, high extensor tone (brainstem damage) |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to corticospinal tract, high flexor tone of upper extremities |
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