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| the system of the body that functions in homeostasis by releasing hormones from endocrine glands |
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| a chemical substance secreted by certain cells that can travel through the bloodstream to eventually trigger changes in target cells |
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| a pair of glands, each located on top of a kidney, which consists of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla; suprarenals |
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| the outer region of the adtrenal gland, which secretes hormones that regulate fluid balace and blood pressure, reduce inflammation and stimulate the development of sex characteristics |
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the inner part of the adrenal gland, which secretes hormones that prolong the conditions for a "fight or flight" response, including an increase in metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. |
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| the 4 or 5 pea-sized glands embedded within the posterior side of the larger thyroid gland, which secrete parathyroid hormone to increase calcium levels in the blood |
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| a large, butterfly-shaped soft gland on th anterior side of the neck, which consists of a right and a left lobe connected by a narrow band called the isthmus; it secretes 3 primary hormones that regulate the breakdown and sythesis of glucose in most cells of the body, and stimulate the production of new bone material to reduce calcium levels in the blood |
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| organs that secrete sex hormones and produce sex cells; male gonads are called testes and female gonads are called ovaries |
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| named after the scientist who first identified them, these clus6teres of cells are distributed throughout the pancreas and are responsible for the secretion of the pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon |
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| the sum of all energy-activities in the body; the term literally means a condition of change |
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| a soft, oblong organ located behind the stomach in the abdominal cavity, which secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar levels |
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| a small, pea-sized gland within the center of the brain that secretes one hormone, melatonin, which regulates body rhythms |
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| located at the base of the brain and connected to the hypothalamus, this master gland consists of the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe and maintains control over other glands; hypophysis |
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| any cell of the body that is affected by a particular hormone; the effects of a hormone upon a target cell are a change in metabolism or protein synthesis |
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| a soft gland located anterior and above the heart, it shrinks to size after puberty and secretes the hormone thymosin, which iniates the immune response |
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| an abnormal accumulation of waste materials that are acidic, often a symptom of diabetes mellitus |
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| abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
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an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in the diet or infection |
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| abnormal increase in hormone production |
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| abnormal decrease in hormone production |
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| excessive amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine; ketoacidosis |
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abnormal state of excessive thirst |
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| excretion of abnormally large volumes of urine |
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| an enlargement of bone structure most prominent in the face and hands, resulting in disfigurement and caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty |
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| a chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex, characterized by darkening of the skin, loss of appetite, mental depression and muscle weakness |
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abnormal condition of a gland |
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| excessive production of androgen by the adrenal cortex, usually caused by adrenal; hyperplasia or a tumor in adult women |
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Definition
| inflammation of the adrenal gland |
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Definition
| abnormal development of the adrenal cortex resulting in its excessive size and hypersecretion of its hormones |
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| abnormal enlargement of the adrenal glands |
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| general disease of the adrenal gland |
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| deficiency of calcium; hypocalcemia |
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| congenital hypothyroidism in children, which results in reduced mental development and dwarfed physical stature |
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| a symdrome resulting from hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex, characterized by obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia and muscle weakness |
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| caused by hyposecretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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| a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, it includes type I, which requires HRT with insulin, and type II, whcih can usually be managed with diet and exercise programs |
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| general disease of the endocrinre system |
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| the presence of excessive body hair |
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| abnormally high calcium levels in the blood |
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| abnormally high glucose levels in the blood |
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| excessive amounts of insulin in the blood |
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| abnormally high potassium levels in the blood |
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| hypersecretion of the thyroid gland, usually due to a tumor |
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| hypersecretion of the hyroid gland; Grave's disease;thyrotoxicosis |
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abnormally low calcium levels in the blood |
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| abnormally low blood sugar levels |
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| abnormally low potassium levels in the blood |
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| abnormally low sodium levels in the blood |
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Definition
| hyposecretion of the parathyroid gland |
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Definition
| hyposecretion of the thyroid gland |
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| advanced hypothyroidism in adults with the characteristics of low energy, swollen hands and face, dry skin |
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| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Definition
| tumor of the parathyroid gland |
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| caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland at an early age, slowing growth and causing a short but proportional stature |
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| caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone that begins before puberty, leading to an abnormally increased growth of bones to produce a very large stature |
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| caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone |
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| a disorder with an array of symptoms and involving multiple organs |
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| excision of the adrenal gland |
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| fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
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| a diagnostic test to determine blood sugar levels following a 12 hour fast |
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a physician specializing in the treatment of endocrine disorders |
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| a feild of medicine focusing on the study and treatment of endocrine disorders |
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Definition
a disease or disorder in the function of an endocrine gland and the related consequences |
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
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Definition
| a diagnostic test to confirm diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to determine other abnormalities in glucose metabolism, usually following an FBS |
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| postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) |
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Definition
| a measurement of blood sugar levels after a meal. usually over 2 hours |
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| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) |
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Definition
| a diagnostic procedure measuring thyroid function, in which radioactive ipodine uptake into the thyroid gland is measured |
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Definition
| a diagnostic procedure that records an image of the thyroid gland following the oral administration of a labeled substance, usually iodine |
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Definition
| a direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in blood to determine hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism |
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| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
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Definition
| the use of a drug that replaces a hormone to correct a hormone deficiency |
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Definition
| excision of one or more parathyroid glands |
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Definition
| the use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| excision of the thyroid gland |
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| incision into the thyroid gland |
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| excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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