Term
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Definition
| a greenish fluid produced by liver cells that aids in digestion of fats in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of the stomach that receives food from the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| the proximal segment of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest segment of the large intestine, it extends from the cecum to the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| the first segment of the small intestine, it recieves material from the stomach via the pyloric valve |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular tube that moves food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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Definition
a ring-shaped muscle at the border of the esophagus and the stomach |
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Term
| gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) |
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Definition
| the digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| the third segment of the small intestine that delivers waste material to the cecum of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle segment of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organ that secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| the constricted, distal area of the stomach terminating at the pyloric valve |
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Term
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Definition
| a ring of muscle that functions as the gatekeeper between the stomach and small intestine by controlling the passage of materials between them |
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Term
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Definition
| the distal, straight segment of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a small projection at the posterior end of the soft palate in the oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the main central area of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| the dome-shaped, lateral portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| a sac-like organ behind the liver that stores bile |
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Term
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Definition
| the segment of the GI tract that forms the feces through absorbing water and peristalsis and eliminates the feces by defecation |
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Term
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Definition
| the large organ at the right side of the abdomen that produces bile and manages the interconversion of nutrients, removal of toxins from the blood and recycling of RBC component |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the esophagus and lower GI tract produced by waves of smooth mucle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 pairs of glands around the mouth that secrete saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| a long, twisting tube between the stomach and the large intestine that is the final site of chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| the J-shaped segment of the GI tract between the esophagus and the small intestine that includes 4 areas |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular organ at the floor of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an accumulation of fluid within the eperitoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced peristalsis in the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a frequent discharge of watery fecal material which may be caused by an improper diet, but more commonly by infection of virus, bacteria or protozoa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a condition of gas trapped in the GI tract or released through the anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excessive levels of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a yellowish staining of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissues caused by the accumulation of bile pigments in the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| "seasickness"' a symptomatic urge to vomit |
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Term
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Definition
| a backward flow of material in the GI tract; regurgitation |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal fat levels in the feces |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal growth connecting two surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| a personality disorder characterized by an extreme aversion to food that results in weight loss and malnourishment |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder involvong repeated gorging with food that is followed by induce vomiting or laxative abuse; "binginga nd purging" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor originating from a bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of mineralized masses, gallstones, in the common bile duct where they block bile flow |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized condtion of gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic, progressive liver disease resulting from hepatic cell failure |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the colon and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of abnormal small puches un the wall of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of diverticula in the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| an ulcer in the wall of the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| severe inflammation of the intestine marked by frequent diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the stomach; stomach carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| an ulcer in the wall of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach and small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach, small intestine and colon |
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Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| recurring backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| softening of the stomach wall |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis or G. lambia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
generalized disease of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protursion of the stomach upward through an opening in the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| an obstruction of the intestine |
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Term
| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
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Definition
| a syndrome affecting the intestines and characterized by a wide range of symptoms and conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of a loop of the small intestine through the abdominal wall in the groin region |
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Term
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Definition
| an infolding of a segment of the intestine within another segment |
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Term
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
a chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of large intestinal (bowel) function without clear physical damage |
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Term
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Definition
| a lack of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation if the parotid gland; mumps |
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Term
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Definition
| an erosion in the wall of the stomach or any other part of the GI tract that may be exposed to gastric juice |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| any abnormal mass of tissue that projects outward from a wall |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of many polyps, usually in the colon or rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the rectum and anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of the rectum; proctocele |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a salivary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| mineralized object, or stone, in a salivary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| a hernia that is constricted, which reduces blood flow to the organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a protrusion of a loop of the intestine through the abdominal wall in the umbilical region |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the uvula |
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Term
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Definition
| a twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid; paracentesis |
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Term
| abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection) |
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Definition
| surgical removal of the colon and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that neutralizes stomach acid |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that prevents or stops vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that decreases peristalsis in the GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of the appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| an enema containing barium administered for a lower GI series diagnostic test |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that stimulates peristalsis of the colon; laxative |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of the bile ducts between the liver, gallbladde and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening into the colon by way of the abdominal wall, which stablishes an artificial anus |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a diverticulum |
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Term
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| endoscopic procedure that includes x-ray fluoroscopy to visualize the ducts of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
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Term
| endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
| a diagnostic procedure that combines the use an endoscope and an ultrasound probe to generate images of the intestinal wall |
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Term
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum with an endoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| a lab test performed to detect blood in the feces |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of any part of the stomach, or in extreme cases, the entire organ |
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Term
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Definition
| a cleansing procedure in which the stomach is rinsed with a saline solution |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the stomach with a gastroscope |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that drops into the stomach, called a nasogastric tube |
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Term
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Definition
visual examination of the GI tract using an endoscope, which includes a camera, fiber optics and a long flexible tube |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of diseased tissue in the gums |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of approximately one half of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of a hernia |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| visual examinaton of the rectum with a proctoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach or the pyloric valve |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the sigmoid colon with a sigmoidoscope |
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Term
| stool culture and sensitivity |
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Definition
| collection of a fecal (stool) sample and growth of microorganisms from it in a culture to identify pathogenic cause of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| diagnostic x-ray images of the stomach and duodenum following the administration of barium as a radiopaque contrast medium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx, which is usually performed to correct OSA |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve, which innervates much of the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
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