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| List the Three Basic Memory Processes |
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| What are the Three Types of Encoding? |
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| What are the two types of Retrieval? |
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| Remembering an event as it happened |
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| Remembering Generalized Knowledge |
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| Remembering how to do Things |
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| Specific memories you can recall |
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| Unintentional recollection and influence of prior experiences |
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Define
Levels of Processing Model of Memory |
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Definition
| What we remember is based on how deeply encoded or processed the information is. |
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Definition
| Repeating information over and over |
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| Relate new information to things you already know |
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Define
Transfer Appropriate Processing Model of Memory |
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Definition
What you remember is based on:
how you encode information should match how you'll retrieve it |
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Term
Define
Parallel Distributed Processing Models of Memory |
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Definition
| You integrate existing knowlege and experiences with memory |
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Term
Define
Multiple Memory Systems |
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Definition
| The Brain has several separate memory systems each with a different purpose |
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Term
Define
Information Processing Model of Memory |
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Definition
Three Stages of Mental Processing
-Sensory
-Short Term
-Long Term |
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Term
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Definition
| Briefly retains the information picked up by sensory organs |
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Definition
| Temporarily holds information in consciousness |
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Definition
| Can retain information for long periods of time, often for life. |
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Definition
| Hold information for initial processing, it provides continuity about stimuli coming from the environment. |
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Term
| How long do sensory registers hold information? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Selective Attention |
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Definition
| Focuses on information for transfer to working memory |
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Term
| How long can short-term memory store information? |
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Term
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| Allows us to mentally work with the information being held in short term memory |
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Term
| Average adult can hold ___ chunks of information in short term memory |
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Definition
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Term
| Chunking information makes it easier to ______ __ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Brown Peterson Distractor technique test? |
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Term
| What is the long term memory storage capacity? |
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Term
| Long Term memory is connected heavily to semantic encoding and can lead to _____ ______ _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Words from the beginning are stored in short term memory |
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Definition
| Words from the end are stored in short term memory |
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Definition
| Stimuli that act as hints or reminders of an experience |
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Term
Define
Encoding Specificity Principle |
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Definition
| The more a retrieval cue taps into information originally encoded about the memory, the more likely it is to help you remember that memory. |
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Term
| Define Context-Specific Memory |
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Definition
| Environmental Cues Help or Hinder Recall |
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Term
Define
State-Dependent Memory |
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Definition
| Memory that is dependent on one's internal state |
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Definition
| If you learn something when calm, it may be harder to recall when anxious, on a test for example |
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Term
| Define Mood Congruency Effects |
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Definition
| Something you learned when you are happy, you may have a harder time remembering it when you are sad. |
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Term
Define
Semantic Network Theory |
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Definition
| Everything we know is connected to each other through a network of associations, it is retrieved through spreading activation |
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Term
Define
Spreading Activation |
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Definition
| Each connection activates linked concepts |
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Term
| Semantic Network Theory explains retrieval of incomplete knowledge such as |
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Definition
The Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
and
Feeling of Knowing Experience |
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Term
| Thickness of a Semantic Network line represents... |
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Definition
| The strength of the connection |
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Term
| The farther and weaker an association... |
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Definition
| The longer it takes you to remember it |
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Term
| We construct memory from ____ and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Neural Network models explain the role of schemas in _____ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Constructive memory can produce _____ _____ |
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Definition
| spontaneous generalizations |
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| Constructed Memories can lead to ____ ____ |
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Term
| Eyewitnesses can only remember what they.. |
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Definition
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Term
Define
Misinformation Effect |
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Definition
| Reports in the media and the wording of questions can bias our memory |
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Term
| A Jury's belief is influenced by... |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first ever guide to eye-witness testimony? |
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Definition
| Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide to Law Enforcement |
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Term
| Who devised the learning method to test forgetting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Hermann Ebbinghaus's Two Lasting Discoveries? |
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Definition
1.) Most Information is lost in the first few hours after learning
2.) Savings left in long term memory can last for decades. |
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Term
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Definition
| If you don't use your memory you loose your memory, this is most relevant to short term memory. |
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Term
| Define Interference Theory |
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Definition
| occurs in learning when there is an interaction between the new material and transfer effects of past learned behavior, memories or thoughts that have a negative influence in comprehending the new material. |
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Term
| Who found that memories are not stored in just one part of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who Developed Cell Assembly Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the two early researchers of biological memory? |
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Definition
| Karl Lashley and Donald Hebb |
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Term
| Environmental stimulation promotes ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ |
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Definition
| The formation of new synapses |
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Term
| Environmental Stimulation changes ____ ___ ___ ___ |
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Definition
| Responsiveness of existing synapses |
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Term
| Damage to the hippocampus can result in... |
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Definition
Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia |
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Term
| Define Anterograde Amnesia |
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Definition
| loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused it |
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Term
| Define Retrograde Amnesia |
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Definition
| Loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease. |
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Term
| What can disrupt memory consolidation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Associate images of information with places you know |
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Definition
| a poem or other form of writing in which the first letter, syllable or word of each line, paragraph or other recurring feature in the text spells out a word or a message |
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Term
| One way to improve memory is to relate ____ ____ to ____ ____ |
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Definition
| new information, current knowledge |
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Term
| You should give ____ ____ context with an ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ just passively read and reread the material |
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Definition
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Term
| Use _____ practice, not _____ practice. |
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Definition
Preview
Question
Read
Reflect
Recite
Review |
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Term
| When taking notes you need to... |
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Definition
| Summarize major points and draw connections with other material |
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Term
| Parts of the brain heavily involved with memory |
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Definition
| Hippocampus, Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex |
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