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Definition
| A picture used with aphasics to determine their type of aphasia based on their interpretation of the picture |
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| Boston Diagnostic Aphasia test |
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| Uses phonological words to determine which type of Aphasia patients have, Developed by Goodglass |
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| aphasia that presents with fluent and grammatical speech, but it is nonsense, (damage to wernicke's area of the brain-posterior part of the left hemisphere) |
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| Literal phonological paraphasia |
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Definition
| the substitution of a word with a nonword that preserves at least half the segments or syllables of the intended utterance (Papple for apple) |
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Semantic paraphasia
(type 1:Verbal semantic) |
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Definition
intended word is related to the produced word
"I forgot my magazine", instead of "book" |
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Semantic paraphasia
(type 2: remote semantic) |
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Definition
The substituted word is not related to the intended word
"You forgot your lamp"
Instead of "umbrella" |
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| The production of nonsense words that occur in those affected by neologistic paraphasia, (half the word is said correctly, if at all) |
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| Inability to recognize written words. This is sometimes a symptom of Wernicke's or agraphia patients |
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| Loss of the ability to write or express thoughts in writing due to a brain lesion |
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| explanation for symptoms of wernickes patients difficulty with comprehension-a major problem is coding phonemes into words during comprehension, or specifying a phonological code to words during production |
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Definition
| essentially the base word selected for a speech utterance that initiates the selection from the lexeme for proper speech (run, do, get)without proper phonological usage |
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Definition
| the proper phonological utterance that is based on the lemma selected for speech "runs ran running" being the lexeme for the lemma "run" |
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Definition
| Model proposed for how words are stored and retrieved based on a system of nodes and activations of nodes |
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Definition
| activation sites for neural networks that function by storing and retrieving words based on an activation system |
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Definition
| the level of activation required to retrieve a word from the lexicon, based on frequency of use, and phonological and semantic properties |
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Definition
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| the idea that words in the same phonological category (or level) may block the retrieval process from succeeding |
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Definition
| the principal of the connectionist model's search process, that a node is activated and therefore spreads activation to phonologically relevant nodes |
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Definition
| form of aphasia where patients cannot repeat words or phrases in conversation |
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Definition
| band of nerve fibers linking Broca's and Wernicke's areas, it is afflicted in conduction aphasia |
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Definition
| patients of aphasia make multiple attempts to correct phonological errors |
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Definition
| word retrieval difficulties |
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Definition
| impaired naming, like being a perpetual TOT state-trouble in retrieving lexemes, use circumlocations when improper area is activated "searching for word" |
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Definition
| degraded semantic knowledge-may not even be able to place an object by its category or function when attempting to locate word |
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Definition
| used to understand the organization of the lexicon. Stimulus words are presented and subjects are asked to name the first word that comes to mind |
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Definition
| when words appear together more often than chance-used to explain how words are retrieved in word association tasks |
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Definition
| a relationship that occurs frequently and gives off the same level of meaning (big/little, light/bright, skirt/pants) |
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Definition
| words that mean the same thing |
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Definition
| words that have opposite meanings |
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Definition
| basically a word that has a broader meaning, but is used to elicit a more specific word in WAT's (insect for butterfly) |
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Definition
| a word or phrase whose semantic category is included in that of another, (pitbull, terrier, basset, bloodhound are hyponyms dog) dog is the hypernym for these words, and animal is the hypernym for dog |
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Definition
the highest categorical level possible
(ANIMAL) |
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Definition
One level down from superordinate,
(DOG) |
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Definition
The lowest level of categorization
(Pit bull) |
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Definition
| posited by the hierarchical model, the idea of verifying whether a lexical entry fits into the intended category (Pit bull is a dog, dog is an animal, pit bull is an animal) |
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Definition
| verifying the correct selection of words based on properties of the object (dog-hairy, four legs, breathes) |
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Definition
| the ranking or graded categorization for certain words in categories (furniture, best fit is chair) |
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| category specific impairments |
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Definition
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Definition
| each word is stored as its own lexeme (book, books, bookshelf, booking) |
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Definition
| morphemes that are added onto words, but don't change the meaning, (walking, cooks, forked) they are thought to be separate in the mental lexicon, added during production (usually plurals, possesives) |
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Definition
| Morphemes added onto words that DO change the meaning, (unhappy, drinkable, nonsense, disapassionate) |
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Definition
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Definition
| the idea that cognitive resources are limited, requiring concepts to be categorized and assigned based on categories (a dog can breathe-all animals breathe so breathing is categorized with all animals and applied thus.) |
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Definition
| two words combined into one based on necessity of meaning (butterfly, teaspoon) |
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| transparent compound words |
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Definition
| words in which the meaning is clear based on the combination and usage (beanpole, buttonhole) stored decompositionally (separately) |
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Definition
| words not clearly defined based on their combination (butterfly) priming can be demonstrated by one word part (bread-butter fly) so these words are stored as whole |
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Definition
| target lexeme receives some activation, enough to get some information about it (first letter, syllables) but not enough to get the word. Common in TOT states |
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Definition
| weak connections between lemmas and lexemes, based on lexical and phonological nodes, especially in low frequency words |
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| node structure/connectionism |
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Definition
| part of partial activation |
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Definition
| showing a word that is phonologically similar to the target word to see if it assists in retrieval |
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Definition
| Showing a word that is semantically similar to the target word to see if it assists in retrieval |
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Definition
| words in the definition of the target that share some quality (phonology, semantics, or unrelated) with the target, thus blocking retrieval |
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Definition
| the theory that phonologically related hints interfere with retrieval because of inhibitory links at the same level |
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Definition
| certain aspects may interfere with word retrieval such as semantic or phonological cues |
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Definition
| in TOT states ultimate retrieval is best predicted by root morpheme |
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Definition
| targets with lots of phonologically similar neighbors are most likely to be retrieved |
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Definition
| the beginnings and ends of words are more likely retrieved than the middle |
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Definition
errors in usage of words with similars
"Has the dog been EATEN" for FED |
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Definition
| errors in word level in speech meat+beef=meef |
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Definition
error at the word level
Phonological substitution-mushroom/mustache
semantic substitution-mother/wife |
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Definition
| phonemic speech error ("leading lists" instead of "reading lists" |
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Definition
| speech error where the phoneme is not deactivated "Blue Blonnet" |
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Definition
| phonemic error "flow snurries" for snow flurries, exchange of phoneme |
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Definition
| speech errors made by spooner, mostly misattributions like "the queer old dean", "you hissed my mystery class" |
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Definition
| placement of stress in words, even in speech errors, chosen before utterance |
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| interactive model of speech production |
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Definition
| interaction between phonemic and semantic levels in speech production |
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Definition
| words inserted into a syntactic frame (chosen prior to function words) |
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Definition
| words and affixes added (articles, prepositions) |
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Definition
| double entendres, or speech errors that reveal subconscious intention |
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Definition
| phonological errors will create more words than non-words |
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Definition
| part of the lexical bias effect, non words speech errors are corrected more often than actual word misuses |
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Definition
Spoonerisms from Laboratory Induced Predispositions
Shoe Store |
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Term
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Definition
| a word or phrase with different, but related senses (get-become, acquire, understand) |
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Term
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Definition
when a word has more than one meaning
"Going to the bank"
River, or money(bank) |
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Definition
| a form of speech using figurative language, to more creatively describe or explain a situation |
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Definition
the concept used to convey information about the topic "my lawyer is a SHARK"
shark being the vehicle |
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Definition
| less familiar concept which the vehicle conveys information about "my LAWYER is a shark" lawyer being the topic |
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Definition
| an early theory of metaphor comprehension, positing that people first attempt to literally understand a metaphor or simile, and if they cannot they begin to non-literally understand. |
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